Puerto Rico (abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a self-governing Caribbean archipelago and island organized as an unincorporated territory of the United States under the designation of commonwealth. Located between the Dominican Republic in the Greater Antilles and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Lesser Antilles about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida, it consists of the eponymous main island and numerous smaller islands, including Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. With approximately 3.2 million people, it is divided into 78 municipalities, of which the most populous is the capital municipality of San Juan, followed by those within the San Juan metropolitan area. Spanish and English are the official languages of the government, though Spanish predominates.
Puerto Rico was settled by a succession of Indigenous peoples of the Americas beginning 2,000 to 4,000 years ago; these included the Ortoiroid, Saladoid, and Taíno. It was claimed by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 and subsequently colonized by Juan Ponce de León in 1508. Puerto Rico was contested by other European powers into the 18th century but remained a Spanish possession for the next 400 years. The decline of the Indigenous population, followed by an influx of Spanish settlers—primarily from the Canary Islands and Andalusia—and African slaves vastly changed the cultural and demographic landscape. Within the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico played a strategically significant role. By the late 19th century, a distinct Puerto Rican identity began to emerge, centered on a fusion of European, African, and Indigenous elements. In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was acquired by the United States.
Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917 and can move freely between the archipelago and the U.S. Residents of Puerto Rico are disenfranchised from federal elections and pay federal taxes and Puerto Rico income taxes; most are exempt from federal income tax on personal income earned in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico sends a nonvoting representative to the U.S. Congress, called a resident commissioner, and participates in presidential primaries; as it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the U.S. Congress, which oversees it under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. Congress approved a territorial constitution in 1952, allowing residents to elect a governor in addition to a senate and house of representatives. The political status of Puerto Rico is an ongoing debate.
Beginning in the mid-20th century, the U.S. government, together with the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company, launched a series of economic projects to develop Puerto Rico into an industrial high-income economy. It is classified by the International Monetary Fund as a developed jurisdiction. It ranks 47th on the Human Development Index. The major sectors of the economy are manufacturing, primarily pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and electronics, followed by services, namely tourism and hospitality. (Full article...)
Entries here consist of Good and Featured articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.
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Image 1" Acércate" (English: "Come Closer") is a song recorded by Puerto Rican reggaetón recording artist Ivy Queen and duo Wisin & Yandel for Queen's seventh studio album Drama Queen (2010). It was composed by Queen and Marcos Masis alongside the duo, while being produced by Luny Tunes and Tainy. Originally entitled "No Te Equivoques", the song was leaked onto the Internet prior to the album's release, which prompted Ivy Queen and Wisin & Yandel to re-record the song. While failing to chart on main Latin songs charts in Billboard magazine, it did manage to debut and peak at number sixteen on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Digital Songs chart, charting simultaneously with the lead single off the album " La Vida Es Así" which obtained the number two position. The song brings together the first studio album released by Ivy Queen in three years and first for Machete Music, after being with Univision Records since 2005. ( Full article...)
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Cultura Profética band members Willy Rodríguez (left) and Boris Bilbraut (right) performing in Nicaragua on February 16, 2013 Cultura Profética (in English, Prophetic Culture) is a Puerto Rican reggae band formed in 1996. The band has undergone several lineup changes, but founding members Willy Rodríguez ( bass guitar, vocals), Eliut González (guitar), and Omar Silva ( guitar, bass guitar) have remained in the group throughout its history. Despite primarily performing reggae music, Cultura Profética has experimented with genres such as bossa nova, tango, jazz, and salsa. Lyrically, the group discusses socio-political and ecological issues including Latin American identity and environmental concerns, as well as interpersonal relationships and love. After gaining popularity in Puerto Rico as a cover band, Cultura Profética began performing original music and released its debut album, Canción de Alerta, in 1996. The group followed up with Ideas Nuevas in 2000, which featured further musical experimentation with a wider variety of musical styles, and then Diario in 2004. After relocating to Mexico, the band released M.O.T.A. in 2005, which peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot Latin Albums chart. In 2010, Cultura Profética released La Dulzura, which took a more romantic lyrical focus and produced the radio hit "La Complicidad". In recent years, Cultura Profética has released the singles "Saca, Prende y Sorprende" (2014), "Le Da Igual" (2015), and "Musica Sin Tiempo" (2017). The group released their most recent album, Sobrevolando, in November 2019. ( Full article...)
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Front facade of Ponce Cathedral The Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe ( Spanish: Catedral de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe), or simply Ponce Cathedral, is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ponce located in downtown Ponce, Puerto Rico. The cathedral lies in the middle of Ponce's town square, known as Plaza Las Delicias, located at the center of the Ponce Historic Zone. For its historic significance, the cathedral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is the seat of the Bishop of Ponce, currently Rubén González Medina. The cathedral has a history that dates to 1670. It has been damaged several times by fires and earthquakes. It stands out among Puerto Rico's other four cathedrals for its intricate design. It has a large pipe organ that was played by danza master and composer Juan Morel Campos. Architecturally, it is designed in the neoclassical style. Structurally, it follows a cruciform plan, with a large dome at the crossing. The interior consists of a main nave and two large aisles separated by a series of eight arcades. There are two small chapels in its interior. Two three-story square towers decorate the front facade. ( Full article...)
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Eloise striking Florida at peak intensity on September 23 Hurricane Eloise was the most destructive tropical cyclone of the 1975 Atlantic hurricane season. The fifth tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the season, Eloise formed as a tropical depression on September 13 to the east of the Virgin Islands. The depression tracked westward and intensified into a tropical storm while passing to the north of Puerto Rico. Eloise briefly attained hurricane intensity soon thereafter, but weakened back to a tropical storm upon making landfall over Hispaniola. A weak and disorganized cyclone, Eloise emerged into open waters of the northern Caribbean Sea; upon striking the northern Yucatan Peninsula, it turned north and began to re-intensify. In the Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone quickly matured and became a Category 3 hurricane on September 23. Eloise made landfall along the Florida Panhandle west of Panama City before moving inland across Alabama and dissipating on September 24. The storm produced torrential rainfall throughout the islands of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, causing extensive flooding that led to severe damage and more than 40 deaths. Thousands of people in these areas became homeless as flood waters submerged numerous communities. As Eloise progressed westward, it affected Cuba to a lesser extent. In advance of the storm, about 100,000 residents evacuated from the Gulf Coast region. Upon making landfall in Florida, Eloise generated wind gusts of 155 miles per hour (249 km/h), which demolished hundreds of buildings in the area. The storm's severe winds, waves, and storm surge left numerous beaches, piers, and other coastal structures heavily impaired. ( Full article...)
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Image 7Drama Queen is the seventh studio album by Puerto Rican reggaeton recording artist Ivy Queen. It was released on July 13, 2010 by Machete Music. The album was written by Queen with help from Rafael Castillo, Marcos Masis and others, while production was handled by Luny Tunes, Tainy and Noriega. The album features collaborations with De La Ghetto, Frank Reyes, Wisin & Yandel and Franco "El Gorila". It features a wide variety of musical styles in common with her previous album, Sentimiento, released three years earlier on a different label. Selling more than 3,000 units in its first week, Drama Queen debuted and peaked at number 163 on the US Billboard 200 chart, number three on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart, number one on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Albums chart and number 18 on the Billboard Rap Albums chart. The recording received a Latin Grammy nomination for Best Urban Music Album at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2011 and two nominations at the Billboard Latin Music Awards of 2011. The album garnered mainly positive reviews from critics, who praised the mixture of R&B and reggaeton. ( Full article...)
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Portrait of Capetillo, c. 1913 Luisa Capetillo Perón (October 28, 1882 – April 10, 1922) was a Puerto Rican labor organizer, writer, journalist, and cigar factory reader. She organized workers in Puerto Rico, the Republic of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and the United States. She also published four books in her lifetime, covering a wide variety of forms, genres, and topics. As an anarcha-feminist and social anarchist, she advocated for free love, universal education, women's rights, and collective ownership of scientific advances while opposing state control. Capetillo was born in Arecibo, in the Captaincy General of Puerto Rico. Her father taught her to read and write, and she read extensively, including works by influential political thinkers. In 1897, she took Manuel Ledesma, the son of a wealthy aristocrat, as her lover. The two separated in 1900, but their relationship influenced her later feminist works. She began writing for the local newspaper in 1904, and in 1905, she became involved with the Free Federation of Workers ( Spanish: Federación Libre de Trabajadores de Puerto Rico, FLT), an anarcho-syndicalist union, helping organize an agricultural strike in Arecibo. In 1906, she became a reader at a cigar factory, reading to the cigar makers as they worked and meeting members of the FLT-affiliated Federation of Tobacco Rollers ( Spanish: Federación de Torcedores de Tabaco, FTT), becoming a leader in the FLT over time. Starting in 1912, she moved across the Atlantic and Caribbean, writing and organizing workers. In 1915, she was arrested in Cuba for wearing trousers and deported back to Puerto Rico. She continued to travel and organize until her death in 1922. ( Full article...)
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Image 10" The Cup of Life" ( Spanish: " La Copa de la Vida") is a song recorded by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin for his fourth studio album, Vuelve (1998). Martin created the song after FIFA requested of him an anthem. The song was written by Luis Gómez Escolar, Desmond Child, and Draco Rosa, while the production was handled by the latter two. It was released by Columbia Records on March 9, 1998, as the second single from the album, and became the official song of the 1998 FIFA World Cup held in France. A primarily Spanish language samba-rooted Latin pop song, it carries a football-heavy message with fully positive lyrics. The song has received highly positive reviews from music critics, who complimented its energy and lyrics. "The Cup of Life" has been ranked as the best World Cup anthem of all time by multiple publications, including The Atlantic, Dallas Observer, and The Fader. It is also one of Martin's most commercially successful songs worldwide, appearing on the charts in more than 60 countries, and reaching number one in 30 countries. It has received several certifications, including platinum in Australia and France. The accompanying music videos were directed by Wayne Isham and filmed during a sold-out concert in Puerto Rico. ( Full article...)
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Image 14Vuelve ( transl. Come Back) is the fourth studio album by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin. Sony Discos and Columbia Records released it on February 12, 1998. Martin worked with producers KC Porter, Robi Draco Rosa, and Desmond Child to create the album. Following the worldwide success of the song " María" from his previous album, A Medio Vivir ( transl. Half Alive) (1995), Martin returned to the studio and began recording material while on tour. Vuelve is a Latin record with Latin dance numbers and pop ballads. "María" caught the attention of FIFA, who asked Martin to write an anthem for the 1998 FIFA World Cup being held in France. Martin subsequently recorded " La Copa de la Vida", composed by Porter, Rosa, and Desmond Child for the World Cup. Critics' reviews of the album were generally positive; they praised its uptempo tracks and its production, though some criticized it for containing too many ballads. Martin received several accolades, including the Best Latin Pop Performance at the 41st Annual Grammy Awards in 1999. Vuelve debuted at number one on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and peaked at number forty on the Billboard 200. Martin's performance of "La Copa de la Vida" on the Grammy Awards show was credited for boosting the album's sales. Certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), it sold more than 888,000 copies in the United States, standing as the 10th best-selling Latin album in the country. Vuelve reached number one in Norway, Portugal, and Spain, as well as the top 10 in seven other countries, including Australia and Italy. As of 2008, the album had sold over six million copies worldwide. ( Full article...)
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Image 15" Dejaría Todo" ( transl. "I'd Leave Everything") is a song by Puerto Rican singer Chayanne from his ninth studio album, Atado a Tu Amor (1998). The song was written and produced by Estéfano and released as the lead single from the album in September 1998 by Sony Discos.The rock ballad details everything the singer is capable of doing for his lover. The song received generally positive reactions from music critics and is listed among Chayanne's best songs. A music video for the song was filmed and features a dark scenery. Commercially, it topped the Billboard Hot Latin Songs and Latin Pop Airplay charts in the United States. The track was nominated for Pop Song of the Year at the 11th Lo Nuestro Awards and Song of the Year at the inaugural Ritmo Latino Music Awards in 1999 and was acknowledged as an award-winning song at the 2000 Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Latin Awards. "Dejaría Todo" has been covered by Brazilian singer Leonardo, Puerto Rican singer Johnny Ray, and Latin American boy band CNCO. Leonardo recorded the Portuguese version, "Deixaria Tudo", which reached number two in Brazil, while Johnny Ray's cover peaked at number 15 on the Tropical Airplay in the US. CNCO's rendition was included on their covers album, Déjà Vu (2021). It peaked at number four on the Monitor Latino Peruvian pop charts. ( Full article...)
- March 1, 1954 - Four Puerto Rican nationalists attack the U.S. Capitol in protest of Puerto Rico's new Commonwealth status. 5 U.S. Representatives are injured.
- March 1, 1958 - Westernbank was founded.
- March 2, 1917 - The Jones Act is signed into law, granting U.S. citizenship to all Puerto Ricans and revised the system of government.
- March 2, 1940 - Birth of Tony Croatto, Italian-Puerto Rican singer and composer (d. 2005)
- March 3, 1908 - Birth of Juan Antonio Corretjer, poet, [journalist and independence political activist (d. 1985)
- March 7, 1894 - Birth of Ana María O'Neill, women's rights activist (d. 1981)
- March 9, 1940 - Birth of Raúl Juliá, Golden Globe Award-winning screen and stage actor (d. 1994)
- March 10, 1898 - Puerto Rican leaders of the Cuban Revolutionary Party corresponded with the United States hoping they would include Puerto Rico in the intervention planned for Cuba.
- March 12, 1903 - The University of Puerto Rico is established.
- March 12, 1958 - Death of Luis R. Esteves, the first Puerto Rican to graduate from West Point (b. 1893)
- March 13, 1824 - The Municipality of Aibonito is founded.
- March 14, 1901 - Federico Degetau takes office in Washington, D.C. as the first Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico.
- March 17, 1995 - Death of Rick Aviles, comedian and actor (b. 1952)
- March 19, 1962 - Birth of Iván Calderón, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player (d. 2003)
- March 21, 1937 - The Ponce massacre occurred.
- March 22, 1873 - The Spanish National Assembly officially abolished, with a few special clauses, slavery in Puerto Rico.
- March 22, 1979 - Death of René Marqués, renowned short story writer and playwright (b. 1919)
- March 26, 1965 - Birth of Raymond Arrieta, comedian
- March 28, 1969 - Birth of Gisselle (Giselle Ortíz Cáceres), merengue singer
- March 29, 1977 - Birth of Kristina Brandi, professional tennis player
- March 30, 1933 - Birth of Braulio Castillo, telenovela actor
WikiProject Puerto Rico
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Selected article –
Letras de P-O-N-C-E in Barrio Sabanetas, Ponce, Puerto Rico
The Letras de Ponce (English: Ponce letters) is a famous landmark in Barrio Sabanetas in Ponce, Puerto Rico, located southbound on PR-52 at the intersection with PR-10. The iconic monument consists of five letters that spell the name of the city P-O-N-C-E in 20-foot high (6.1 m) by 18-foot wide (5.5 m) by 12-foot deep (3.7 m) red and black letters. The letters, and its resulting sign, were designed by Carlos Rivera Villafañe, a sculptor from Ponce. The landmark is said to be "known to every Puerto Rican." (Full article...)
Eugenio María de Hostos y de Bonilla (January 11, 1839 – August 11, 1903), known as El Gran Ciudadano de las Américas ("The Great Citizen of the Americas"), was a Puerto Rican educator, philosopher, intellectual, lawyer, sociologist, novelist, and Puerto Rican independence advocate. (Full article...)
- ... that one of Café Rico's products, "San Carlos Selection", was the official coffee of Vatican City?
- ... that the old lighthouse at Isla de Mona was designed by Gustave Eiffel?
- ... that the world-famous drink, the Piña Colada was invented in a house on Fortaleza Street in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico and that its main ingredient Coco López was invented by Ramón López Irizarry?
- ... that San Juan is the largest home-based cruise port in the world?
- ... that Puerto Rico is not an independent country, but is rather a territory of the United States?
- ... that Puerto Rico has never been an independent country?
- ... that there are more Puerto Ricans living in the rest of the United States than in the island of Puerto Rico itself?
- ... that travel within the United States includes Puerto Rico, and no U.S. passport is necessary?
- ... that by mutual agreement with Congress, Puerto Rico is an independent taxation authority, and therefore Puerto Rico residents do not pay federal income taxes? Puerto Ricans living on the island instead pay income taxes to the local taxation authority.
- ... that as of 2003, twenty-five percent of all pharmaceutical products manufactured in the United States were shipped from Puerto Rico, and sixteen of the top twenty best selling prescription drugs in the United States were produced on the island?
The following are images from various Puerto Rico-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Image 1An 1899, caricature by Louis Dalrymple (1866–1905), showing Uncle Sam harshly lecturing four black children labelled Philippines, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Cuba (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 2Map of the departments of Puerto Rico during Spanish provincial times (1886). (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 3The original Lares revolutionary flag. The first "Puerto Rican Flag" used in the unsuccessful Grito de Lares (Lares Uprising). (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 4Four men playing dominoes in San Juan, Puerto Rico (from Culture of Puerto Rico)
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Image 5Los Reyes Magos painted by Hipolito Marte Martinez, "In Puerto Rico, Melchior is always represented with dark skin" (from Culture of Puerto Rico)
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Image 6Raising the US Flag over San Juan, October 18, 1898. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 7Picture by journalist Carlos Torres Morales of the Ponce massacre, March 21, 1937. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 8The 45-star flag, used by the United States during the invasion of Puerto Rico, was also the official flag of Puerto Rico from 1899 to 1908. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 9Royal Cédula of Graces, 1815, which granted legal entry of some foreigners to Puerto Rico. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 10US and Puerto Rico flags on a building in Puerto Rico (from Culture of Puerto Rico)
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Image 11Juan Ponce de León ( Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain), was the first governor of Puerto Rico. His grandson Juan Ponce de Leon II was the first indigenous governor of Puerto Rico. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 13Sugar cane workers resting at the noon hour, Rio Piedras. Photograph by Jack Delano, a photographer for the Farm Security Administration. Ca. 1941. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 141876 indemnity bond paid as compensation to former Puerto-Rico owners of freed slaves (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 15Hurricanes Irma and Maria sharply reduced the availability of electricity throughout the island (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 16From 1948 to 1952 it was a felony to display the Puerto Rican flag in public; the only flag permitted to be flown on the island was the flag of the United States. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 17'La escuelo del Maestro Cordero' by Puerto Rican artist Francisco Oller. (from Culture of Puerto Rico)
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Image 18El Imparcial headline: "Aviation (US) bombs Utuado" during Nationalist revolts. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 20"El desastre es la colonia" (the disaster is the colony), words seen on light meter six months after Hurricane Maria (from Culture of Puerto Rico)
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Image 21Flag flown by Fidel Vélez and his men during the "Intentona de Yauco" revolt. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 22Christopher Columbus, the explorer credited with the European discovery of Puerto Rico. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 23Hacienda La Fortuna, sugar mill complex in Puerto Rico painted by Francisco Oller in 1885. (from Culture of Puerto Rico)
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Image 24Spanish Planter of Puerto Rico with House Slave, ca. 1808 (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 25The first Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, established in 1900. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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Image 26States proposed in the Spanish Draft Federal Constitution of 1873, among which Puerto Rico was included. (from History of Puerto Rico)
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| “
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He gave the term 'complete' a new meaning. He made the word 'superstar' seem inadequate. He had about him the touch of royalty.
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”
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| — Bowie Kuhn, MLB Commissioner, on his eulogy of Roberto Clemente following his tragic death in 1973.
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