Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America and borders the United States of America to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), and is the thirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 130 million, Mexico is the tenth-most populous country in the world and is home to the largest number of native Spanish speakers as of 2020. Mexico City is the capital and largest city in Mexico, which ranks among the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.
Human presence in Mexico dates back to at least 8,000 BC. Mesoamerica, considered a cradle of civilization, was home to numerous advanced societies, including the Olmecs, Maya, Zapotecs, Teotihuacan civilization, and Purépecha. Spanish colonization began in 1521 with an alliance that defeated the Aztec Empire, establishing the colony of New Spain with its capital at Tenochtitlan, now Mexico City. New Spain became a major center of the transoceanic economy during the Age of Discovery, fueled by silver mining and its position as a hub between Europe and Asia. This gave rise to one of the largest multiracial populations in the world. The Peninsular War led to the 1810–1821 Mexican War of Independence, which ended Peninsular rule and led to the creation of the First Mexican Empire, which quickly collapsed into the short-lived First Mexican Republic. In 1848, Mexico lost nearly half its territory to the American invasion. Liberal reforms set in the Constitution of 1857 led to civil war and French intervention, culminating in the establishment of the Second Mexican Empire under Emperor Maximilian I of Austria, who was overthrown by Republican forces led by Benito Juárez. The late 19th century saw the long dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, whose modernization policies came at the cost of severe social unrest. The 1910–1920 Mexican Revolution led to the overthrow of Díaz and the adoption of the 1917 Constitution. Mexico experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth in the 1940s–1970s, amidst electoral fraud, the Tlatelolco massacre, and economic crises. The late 20th century saw a shift towards neoliberalism, marked by the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, amidst unrest in Chiapas. (Full article...)
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Aries is the ninth studio album by Mexican recording artist Luis Miguel. It was released by WEA Latina on 22 June 1993. After attaining commercial success in 1991 with his previous album, Romance, Luis Miguel decided to return to a style similar to his earlier work, featuring pop ballads and dance numbers with R&B influences. The record was produced by Miguel, who was assisted by Kiko Cibrian, Rudy Pérez, David Foster, and Juan Luis Guerra.
Three singles were released to promote the album. The first two singles, "Ayer" and "Hasta Que Me Olvides," topped the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart and the third, "Suave," peaked at number nine. Two other songs were released as promotional singles, "Hasta el Fin" and "Tú y Yo"; both peaked at number four on the Hot Latin Songs chart. To further promote the record, Luis Miguel launched the 1993 Aries Tour to some Latin American countries and the United States. (Full article...)
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The National Autonomous University of Mexico (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM) is a public research university in Mexico. It has several campuses in Mexico City, and many others in various locations across Mexico, as well as a presence in nine countries. It also has 34 research institutes, 26 museums, and 18 historic sites. With more than 324,413 students, UNAM is one of the world's largest universities.
A portion of Ciudad Universitaria (University City), UNAM's main campus in Mexico City, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that was designed and decorated by some of Mexico's best-known architects and painters. The campus hosted the main events of the 1968 Summer Olympics, and was the birthplace of the student movement of 1968. All Mexican Nobel laureates have been alumni of UNAM. In 2009, the university was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities. More than 25% of the total scientific papers published by Mexican academics come from researchers at UNAM. (Full article...)
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El Ejemplo (The Example) is a studio album by Regional Mexican band Los Tigres del Norte. It was released by Fonovisa Records on May 2, 1995, and includes fourteen tracks written by Teodoro Bello and Enrique Valencia, which span song styles such as ballads, boleros, corridos, cumbias and rancheras.
The album was a commercial success peaking at number eight in the Billboard Top Latin Albums in the United States, where it was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. To promote the album, Los Tigres del Norte released four singles, "La Fama de la Pareja", the title track and "Golpes en el Corazón" that reached top ten in the Billboard Hot Latin Songs, while the single "No Puedo Más" peaked at number 15 in the same chart. "Golpes en el Corazón", was later included in the setlist of their live album MTV Unplugged: Los Tigres del Norte and Friends as a duet with Mexican singer Paulina Rubio. (Full article...)
Maximilian I (Spanish: Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena; German: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who became emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by the Mexican Republic on 19 June 1867.
A member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, Maximilian was the younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Before becoming Emperor of Mexico, he was commander-in-chief of the small Imperial Austrian Navy and briefly the Austrian viceroy of Lombardy–Venetia, but was removed by the emperor. Two years before his dismissal, he briefly met with French emperor Napoleon III in Paris, where he was approached by conservative Mexican monarchists seeking a European royal to rule Mexico. Initially Maximilian was not interested, but following his dismissal as viceroy, the Mexican monarchists' plan was far more appealing to him. (Full article...)
- 11 March 2026 – 2026 FIFA World Cup, Iran at the FIFA World Cup
- Iranian sports minister Ahmad Donyamali states that Iran will not participate in the 2026 FIFA World Cup to be hosted by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, citing security concerns amid the Iran war. (Reuters)
- 4 March 2026 – Mexican drug war
- Five cartel members are killed in a shootout with government forces in Rayones, Nuevo León, Mexico. (Milenio in Spanish)
- 23 February 2026 – Mexican drug war
- The death toll among Mexican National Guard troops in Jalisco rises to at least 25 with dozens more wounded amid clashes with Jalisco New Generation Cartel gunmen. (BBC News)
- 22 February 2026 – Mexican drug war
- At least seven National Guard troops are killed in clashes with CJNG forces in Western Mexico. (AP)
- 17 February 2026 –
- Two people are killed and eight children are injured in a shooting at a park in San Francisco del Rincón, Guanajuato, Mexico. (AFP via Gulf News) (Radio New Zealand)
- 14 February 2026 – Mexican drug war
- Gunmen attack a bar in Puebla, Mexico, killing three people and wounding five others. Authorities confirm the arrest of four criminals related to the attack. (Aristegui Noticias)
Menudo, also known as Mondongo, pancita ([little] gut or [little] stomach) or mole de panza ("stomach sauce"), is a traditional Mexican soup, made with cow's stomach (tripe) in broth with a red chili pepper base. It is the Mexican variation of the Spanish callos or menudo. Similar dishes exist throughout Latin America and Europe including sopa de mondongo, guatitas, dobrada; trippa alla romana in Italy, or patsas in Greece.
Hominy (in Northern Mexico), lime, onions, and oregano are used to season the broth. It differs from the Filipino dish of the same name, in that the latter does not use tripe, hominy, or a chili sauce. (Full article...)
The following are images from various Mexico-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Image 1Modern group monument of Cortés, Doña Marina, and their mestizo son Martín (from History of Mexico)
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Image 2Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder, Antonio Deza y Ulloa (from History of Mexico)
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Image 4Logo of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (from History of Mexico)
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Image 5Making cigarettes in the El Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (from History of Mexico)
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Image 6Lázaro Cárdenas mural (from History of Mexico)
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Image 7Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (from History of Mexico)
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Image 8Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 9President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh (from History of Mexico)
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Image 10La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt). Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 12Ignacio Comonfort significant role during the tumultuous period of the mid-19th century, including the Reform War and early stages of the Mexican Republic's transition. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 13Exconvento (Ex-convent), by José María Velasco. 1860. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 14The Volkswagen Beetle, known in Mexico as the "Vocho," is perhaps the most iconic classic car in the country. Its production in Mexico began in 1967, and it continued until 2003, making it a symbol of Mexican automotive culture. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 15Liberación (Liberation). Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 16General Pancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (from History of Mexico)
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Image 17Portrait and book by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 19General Santa Anna known for his leadership during the Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War, and turbulent periods of Mexican history marked by political instability and territorial losses. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 20Mexico City street market (from History of Mexico)
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Image 21Surrender of Santa Anna by William Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a wounded Sam Houston in 1836. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 22The first Braceros arrive in Los Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph by Dorothea Lange. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 23Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso, Tabasco (from History of Mexico)
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Image 24Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 26El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 27Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (from History of Mexico)
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Image 28Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is the Cristo Rey ( Christ the King) statue. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 29Agustín de Iturbide the first Emperor of Mexico in 1822 after leading the Mexican War of Independence against Spain, but his reign was short-lived, lasting only until 1823 when he abdicated, and Mexico transitioned to a republic. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 30A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 31Buffalo Soldiers of the American 10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during the Battle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 32"The Torture of Cuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting by Leandro Izaguirre (from History of Mexico)
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Image 33Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 34President Carranza in La Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 35Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and the Pyramid of the Sun, from the Pyramid of the Moon (from History of Mexico)
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Image 36Matches between Club América and Cruz Azul at the Estadio Azteca, known as the " Clásico Joven." (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 37The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (from History of Mexico)
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Image 38Fireworks in Mexico City for New Year's Day. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 39José Pablo Moncayo known for his orchestral works, particularly " Huapango" (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 40Battle of Tampico (1829) a conflict between Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Spanish loyalists attempting to reconquer Mexico, resulting in a decisive Mexican victory that further solidified Mexico's independence from Spain. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 41Quechquemitl from Hidalgo at the Museo de Arte Popular in Mexico City (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 42David Huerta is a contemporary philosopher and poet who examines human existence, freedom, and meaning in Mexican society, blending philosophy with art and literature. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 43La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes). Saturnino Herrán. 1910–1912. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 44Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (from History of Mexico)
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Image 45Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (from History of Mexico)
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Image 48Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found in Veracruz, 10th–13th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 49A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 50Silk rebozo from Santa María del Río, SLP on a mannequin at the Feria de Rebozo in Tenancingo, State of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 51Porfirio Díaz dominant Mexican political and military figure who served as president for much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by his long rule and the modernization efforts known as the Porfiriato. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 52Mexican Army troops in the Zócalo in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 53The logo of Nacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 54Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (from History of Mexico)
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Image 56Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 57Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (from History of Mexico)
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Image 58Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 60The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen. Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen. Miguel Miramón, right. Painting by Édouard Manet 1868. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 61Battle of Miahuatlán took place on 3 October 1866. The liberal victory at Miahuatlán was significant because it allowed them to consolidate their control over southern Mexico. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 62Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) by Agustín Arrieta (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 63Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 64April 2, 1867. Entry of General Porfirio Díaz into Puebla. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 65Chapultepec, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" (Chapultepec Forest) (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 66Pear, Quince and Psidium cajeta. In 2010 declared the Bicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico)
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Image 67President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in the Battle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname of Manco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (from History of Mexico)
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Image 68A statue of a Chichimeca Warrior in the city of Querétaro (from History of Mexico)
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Image 69Variegated maize ears (from History of Mexico)
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Image 70U.S. President Barack Obama and Mexican President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto during their meet at the White House following Peña Nieto's election victory. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 71Plutarco Elías Calles politician and revolutionary general who served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, known for his role in shaping modern Mexico through reforms and the consolidation of state power. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 72Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (from History of Mexico)
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Image 73Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (from History of Mexico)
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Image 75Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (from History of Mexico)
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Image 77Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (from History of Mexico)
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Image 78Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to Nazi Germany or Spain. (from History of Mexico)
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Image 79Award of the Association of Theater Critics and Journalists. (from Culture of Mexico)
Select [►] to view subcategories
Mexico Buildings and structures in Mexico Organizations based in Mexico
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| | Non-Amerindian | |
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| Amerindian | | More than 100,000 people | |
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| 20,000–100,000 people | |
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| 1,000–20,000 people | |
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| Fewer than 1,000 people | |
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- 1 Jews and Romani originate in the Middle East and South Asia respectively, with most arriving to Mexico via Europe
- 2 Primarily arrived via Canada
- 3 Originated in what is now the United States
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| 20,000 – 100,000 people | |
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| 1,000 – 20,000 people | |
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Indigenous | 100,000+
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10,000-100,000
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Note: The list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population. |
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