Geography of Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico
Native name:
Borinquén (Taino)
Nickname: Isla del Encanto (Spanish)
(Island of Enchantment)
NASA image of Puerto Rico, 2024
Topographic map of Puerto Rico
showing urbanized areas (red), 2008
Geography
LocationCaribbean
Area8,868 km2 (3,424 sq mi)
Length177 km (110 mi)
Width65 km (40.4 mi)
Coastline501 km (311.3 mi)
Highest point
Administration
Unincorporated territory Puerto Rico
Capital and largest citySan Juan (pop. 333,005)
Demographics
Population3,184,195 (2025)
Pop. density359.0/km2 (929.8/sq mi)

The geography of Puerto Rico encompasses the geographical features of Puerto Rico, a archipelagic and island nation centered around a collective identity based on its land, history, ethnicity, culture, and language, and organized as a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States. Located between the Greater and Lesser Antilles in the northeastern Caribbean, east of Hispaniola, west of Saint Thomas, north of Venezuela, and south of the Puerto Rico Trench, it consists of the eponymous main island and over 140 smaller islands, islets, and cays, including San Juan in the north, Vieques, Culebra, Palominos, and Icacos in the east, Caja de Muertos and Caracoles in the south, and Mona, Monito, and Desecheo in the west.

Measuring 177 km (110 mi; 96 nmi) in length and 65 km (40 mi; 35 nmi) in width with a land area of 8,868 sq km (3,424 sq mi), the main island of Puerto Rico is the 4th largest in the Caribbean, 29th in the Americas, and 81st in the world, making it the 170th largest country or dependency by surface area. With 3.2 million residents, it is also the 4th largest in the Caribbean, 4th in the Americas, and 31st in the world, making it the 136th largest country or dependency by population.

Puerto Rico (right-center) within the Caribbean as seen from space at night, 2012