Trienio Liberal
Kingdom of Spain Reino de España | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1820–1823 | |||||||||
| Motto: Plus ultra (Latin) (English: "Further Beyond") | |||||||||
| Anthem: Himno de Riego Anthem of Riego | |||||||||
| Capital | Madrid | ||||||||
| Common languages | Spanish | ||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic Church (official) | ||||||||
| Demonym | Spanish | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy | ||||||||
| King | |||||||||
• 1820–1823 | Ferdinand VII | ||||||||
| Secretary of State | |||||||||
• 1820–1821 | Evaristo Pérez | ||||||||
• 1821–1822 | Ramón López-Pelegrín | ||||||||
• 1822 | Francisco Martínez | ||||||||
• 1822–1823 | Evaristo Fernández | ||||||||
• 1823 | José María Pando | ||||||||
| Legislature | Cortes Generales | ||||||||
| Historical era | Revolutions during the 1820s | ||||||||
| 1 January 1820 | |||||||||
| 7 March 1820 | |||||||||
| April – May 1820 | |||||||||
| October – December 1822 | |||||||||
| 1 October 1823 | |||||||||
| Currency | Spanish dollar | ||||||||
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The Trienio Liberal, ([ˈtɾjenjo liβeˈɾal], lit. 'Liberal Triennium') or Three Liberal Years, was a period of three years in Spain between 1820 and 1823 when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael del Riego against the absolutist rule of king Ferdinand VII. Del Riego's uprising forced Ferdinand VII to restore on 9 March the Constitution of Cádiz of 1812.
It ended in 1823 when, with the approval of the crowned heads of Europe, a French army invaded Spain and reinstated the King's absolute power. This invasion is known in France as the "Spanish Expedition" (expédition d’Espagne) and in Spain as the "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis."
The Triennium is framed within the European period of the Revolutions of 1820, of which it constituted the trigger. The Constitution of Cádiz was adopted by the Neapolitan and Piedmontese revolutionaries and taken as a model by the Portuguese.