Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions

"Geneva Protocol I" redirects here. For the chemical and nuclear weapons protocol, see Geneva Protocol. For other topics, see Geneva Protocol (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Protocol 1 (disambiguation).

Geneva Conventions Protocol I
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I)
TypeProtocol
Drafted20 February 1974 – 8 June 1977
Signed8 June 1977 (1977-06-08)
LocationGeneva
Effective7 December 1978 (1978-12-07)
Signatories
3 states
Parties
175 states
DepositarySwiss Federal Council
Languages
Full text
Geneva Convention/Protocol I at Wikisource

Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (also Protocol I or AP I) is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 concerning the protection of civilian victims of international armed conflicts, including "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation or racist regimes." In practice, Additional Protocol I updated and reaffirmed the international laws of war stipulated in the 1949 Geneva Conventions to accommodate developments of warfare since the Second World War(1939–1945).

As of June 2025, Additional Protocol I has been ratified by 175 states. The United States, Iran and Pakistan signed the protocol on 12 December 1977, but never ratified it. Israel, India and Turkey have not signed the protocol.

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