San Marino
Republic of San Marino | |
|---|---|
| Motto: Libertas (Latin) "Freedom" | |
| Anthem: "Terra di Libertà" (English: "Land of Liberty") | |
Location of San Marino (green) in Europe (dark grey) | |
| Capital | City of San Marino 43°56′N 12°26′E / 43.933°N 12.433°E |
| Largest settlement | Dogana 43°58′53″N 12°29′22″E / 43.98139°N 12.48944°E |
| Official languages | Italian |
| Other languages | Romagnol (Sammarinese) |
| Religion | 90.3% Catholicism (2022) 7.5% no religion 1.1% Other Christian denominations (2022) 0.1% Judaism 0.46% Islam (2015) 0.34% other |
| Demonym | Sammarinese |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary diarchic directorial republic |
| Luca Beccari | |
| Legislature | Grand and General Council |
| Independence | |
• From the Roman Empire | 3 September 301 (traditional) |
• From the Papal States | 1291 |
| |
| Area | |
• Total | 61.19 km2 (23.63 sq mi) (191st) |
• Water (%) | 0.0059% |
| Population | |
• 2026 estimate | 34,172 (191st) |
• Density | 579/km2 (1,499.6/sq mi) (24th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $2.978 billion (176th) |
• Per capita | $86,989 (12th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $2.034 billion (171st) |
• Per capita | $59,405 (12th) |
| HDI (2023) | 0.915 very high (29th) |
| Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) |
| Time zone | UTC+01 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02 (CEST) |
| Calling code | +378 (+39 0549 calling via Italy) |
| ISO 3166 code | SM |
| Internet TLD | .sm |
Sources: | |
San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino (RSM), is a landlocked country in Southern Europe, completely surrounded by Italy. Located on the northeastern slopes of the Apennine Mountains, it is the larger of two microstates within Italy, the other being Vatican City. San Marino is the fifth-smallest country in the world, with a land area of just over 61 km2 (23.5 mi2) and a population of 34,042 as of 2025. Its capital, the City of San Marino, sits atop Monte Titano, while its largest settlement is Dogana, in the municipality of Serravalle.
San Marino claims to have been founded in AD 301 and to be the oldest extant sovereign state, and the oldest constitutional republic. It is named after Saint Marinus, a stonemason from the Roman island of Rab (in present-day Croatia), who is supposed in mythic accounts to have established a monastic community on Monte Titano. The country has a rare constitutional structure: the Grand and General Council, a democratically elected legislature, selects two heads of state, the Captains Regent, every six months. They are chosen from opposing political parties, and serve concurrently with equal powers and preside over several institutions of state, including the Grand and General Council. Only the Federal Council of Switzerland also follows that structure, except with seven heads of state, and different responsibilities and functions.
San Marino is a member of the Council of Europe and uses the euro as its official currency, but is not part of the European Union. The official language is Italian, although the traditional regiolect is Sammarinese, a dialect of Romagnol. Its economy is based on finance, industry, services, retail, and tourism, and it ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world by GDP (PPP) per capita. San Marino was also the first currently-existing state to abolish the death penalty (in 1865), and in 2025 was ranked 29th on the Human Development Index.