Trần dynasty
Đại Việt Quốc 大越國 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1225–1400 | |||||||||
The expansion of Đại Việt. Trần dynasty from 1301 to 1337. | |||||||||
The territory of Đại Việt in 1306 after the marriage of Vietnamese princess Huyền Trân and Cham king Jaya Simhavarman III. The province of O (Cham: Vuyar) and Ly (Cham: Ulik) was ceded to Đại Việt as dowry. | |||||||||
| Status | Internal imperial system within Chinese tributary (Song 1225–1258) (Yuan 1258–1368) (Ming 1368–1400) | ||||||||
| Capital | Thăng Long (1225–1397) Thanh Hóa (temp) (1397–1400) | ||||||||
| Official languages | Literary Chinese (written) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Old Vietnamese | ||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism (official), Taoism, Confucianism, Vietnamese folk religion | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 1226–1258 | Trần Thái Tông (first) | ||||||||
• 1258–1278 | Trần Thánh Tông | ||||||||
• 1278–1293 | Trần Nhân Tông | ||||||||
• 1293–1314 | Trần Anh Tông | ||||||||
• 1398–1400 | Trần Thiếu Đế (last) | ||||||||
| Chancellor | |||||||||
• 1225 | Trần Thủ Độ (first) | ||||||||
• ? | Trần Quốc Toản | ||||||||
• ? | Trần Khánh Dư | ||||||||
• ? | Trần Quang Khải | ||||||||
• 1387 | Hồ Quý Ly (last) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Postclassical Era | ||||||||
• Coronation of Trần Cảnh | January 10 1225 | ||||||||
• Regent of Trần Thừa and Trần Thủ Độ | 1226 | ||||||||
| 1258, 1285 and 1287–88 | |||||||||
• Coup overthrown of Dương Nhật Lễ | 1370 | ||||||||
• Trần Thiếu Đế ceded the throne to Hồ Quý Ly | March 23 1400 | ||||||||
| Currency | Copper-alloy cash coins | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Vietnam China Laos | ||||||||
| Trần | |
|---|---|
| Country | State of Đại Việt (Vietnam) |
| Founded | 12th century |
| Founder | Trần Nhật Cảnh |
| Final ruler | Trần Quý Khoáng |
| Titles | |
| Estate(s) | Thăng Long and Thiên Trường |
| Deposition | 1400 |
| History of Vietnam |
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| Vietnam portal |
21°02′15″N 105°50′19″E / 21.03750°N 105.83861°E The Trần dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳; Vietnamese: triều Trần, chữ Hán: 朝陳), officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled from 1225 to 1400. The dynasty was founded when emperor Trần Thái Tông ascended to the throne after his uncle Trần Thủ Độ orchestrated the overthrow of the Lý dynasty. The Trần dynasty defeated three Mongol invasions, most notably during the decisive Battle of Bạch Đằng River in 1288. During its final decades, several succession crises and invasions from Champa severely weakened the dynasty. In 1398, emperor Trần Thuận Tông was forced to cede the throne to his three-year-old son Thiếu Đế, who in turn was forced to abdicate in 1400 in favor of the minister Hồ Quý Ly.
The Trần improved Chinese gunpowder, enabling them to expand southward to defeat and vassalize the Champa. They also started using paper money for the first time in Vietnam. The period was considered a golden age in Vietnamese language, arts, and culture. The first pieces of Chữ Nôm literature were written during this period, while the introduction of vernacular Vietnamese into the court was established, alongside Literary Chinese. This laid the foundation for the further development and solidifying of the Vietnamese language and identity.