Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War

Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War
Part of the Lebanese Civil War

Syrian anti-tank teams deploy French-made Milan ATGMs during the war in Lebanon, 1982.
Date1976 – 1990
Location
Lebanon
Result Taif Agreement in 1989, with Syrian occupation of Lebanon continuing until 2005 during the Cedar Revolution.
Territorial
changes		 Syrian partial occupation of Lebanon until 2005
Belligerents
Ba'athist Syria
In support of:
FPNP
PNSF
ADP
Marada Brigade
Supported by:
Lebanese Forces (1976-1978)
Lebanese National Movement (from 1978)
Palestine Liberation Organization (Pro-Syrian government faction)
Lebanese National Resistance Front (from 1982)
Arab Deterrent Force (1976-1979)
 Palestine Liberation Organization (Anti-Syrian government faction)
Lebanese National Movement (until 1978)		 Lebanese Forces (from 1978)
South Lebanon Army
Lebanese Armed Forces
Supported by:
Israel (Lebanese Forces and South Lebanon Army only; until 1982; Israel only continued supporting the South Lebanon Army)
Commanders and leaders
Hafez al-Assad
Mustafa Tlass
Ali Habib Mahmud
Hikmat al-Shihabi
Shafiq Fayadh
Ali Haydar
Nabih Berri
Ahmed Jibril
George Habash
Ali Eid
Suleiman Frangieh		 Yasser Arafat
Kamal Jumblatt X
Walid Jumblatt		 Pierre Gemayel
Amine Gemayel
Bachir Gemayel X
Saad Haddad
Antoine Lahad
Michel Aoun
Ibrahim Tannous
Strength
25,000 (1976)
30,000 (1982)		 45,000 (1976) (including allied PLO fighters) 20,000 (1976)

Ba'athist Syria launched a military intervention in the Lebanese Civil War in 1976, one year after the breakout of the war, as Syrian Arab Armed Forces began supporting Maronite militias against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and leftist militias. Syria also raised a proxy militia of its own, the Palestine Liberation Army (PLA). Hafez al-Assad's primary objective was to suppress the rise of PLO and allied pro-Palestinian militias in Lebanon which toed a hardline stance against Israel; the invasion received widespread rebuke in the Arab world.

The involvement was later legalized under the pretext of Arab Deterrent Force of the Arab League. In 1982, Syria battled Israel over control of Lebanon.

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