Caucasian War
| Caucasian War | |||||||||
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| Part of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus | |||||||||
Franz Roubaud's A Scene from the Caucasian War | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Tsar Alexander I Tsar Nicholas I Tsar Alexander II Michael Nikolaevich Grigory Zass (WIA) Ivan Paskevich Aleksey Yermolov Mikhail Vorontsov Dmitry Milyutin Aleksandr Baryatinsky Ivan Andronnikov Grigory Rosen Yevgeny Golovin Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky Nikolay Yevdokimov Robert Segercrantz |
Ghazi Mullah † Hamzat Bek Shamil of Gimry Tashaw-Hadji Shuaib-Mulla of Tsentara Hadji Murad Isa of Ghendargen Baysangur of Beno Talkhig Shelar Eska of Noiber Umalat-bek of Boynak Irazi-bek of Kazanysh Idris of Endirey Beibulat Taimiev Kizbech Tughuzoqo † Qerandiqo Berzeg Seferbiy Zanuqo # Muhammad Amin Asiyalo Jembulat Boletoqo X Keysin Keytiqo James Stanislaus Bell Teofil Lapinski | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 200,000 |
Caucasian Imamate: 20,000–25,000 Circassia: 35,000–40,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
77,000 – 131,000 dead (incl. non-combat and civilians) |
Civilian dead: 700,000 | ||||||||
The Caucasian War (Russian: Кавказская война, romanized: Kavkazskaya voyna) or the Caucasus War was a 19th-century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It consisted of a series of military actions waged by the Russian Imperial Army and Cossack settlers against the native inhabitants such as the Adyghe, Abazins, Ubykhs, Chechens, Dagestanis as well as the majority of Abkhazians despite the official principality of Abkhazia being on Russian Empire's side as the Tsars sought to expand.
Russian control of the Georgian Military Road in the center divided the Caucasian War into the Russo-Circassian War in the west and the conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan in the east. Other territories of the Caucasus (comprising contemporary eastern Georgia, southern Dagestan, Armenia and Azerbaijan) were incorporated into the Russian Empire at various times in the 19th century as a result of Russian wars with Persia. The remaining part, western Georgia, was taken by the Russians from the Ottomans during the same period.