1941
From top to bottom, left to right: The Attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan brings the United States into World War II; Operation Barbarossa launches Nazi Germany’s massive invasion of the Soviet Union; the Babi Yar massacre sees over 33,000 Jews killed by Nazi Einsatzgruppen near Kyiv; the Siege of Leningrad begins, starting one of history’s deadliest sieges; the Invasion of Yugoslavia leads to rapid Axis occupation; Orson Welles’ film Citizen Kane premieres, revolutionizing cinema; the East African campaign ends with Allied victory over Italian forces; the Anglo-Iraqi War secures British control in Iraq; and the German invasion of Greece results in swift Axis occupation.
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1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1941st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 941st year of the 2nd millennium, the 41st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1940s decade.
The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, was the deadliest such year. Death toll estimates for both 1941 and 1942 range from 2.28 to 7.71 million each.