Tondo (historical polity)
Tondo Tundun | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| before 900–1589 | |||||||||||
Location of Tondo (colored red) in 1570. | |||||||||||
| Capital | Tondo | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Old Tagalog, Kapampangan, and Classical Malay | ||||||||||
| Religion | |||||||||||
| Government | Feudal Bayan ruled by a lakan, consisting of several barangay duchies that are ruled by the respective datu, under a Lakan | ||||||||||
| Lakan | |||||||||||
• c. 900 | Jayadewa, the Senapati of Tundun and Lord Minister of Pailah (according to a record of debt acquittance) | ||||||||||
• 1450–1500 | Gat Lontok and Dayang Kalangitan | ||||||||||
• Late 15th century-1521 | Malangsi | ||||||||||
• 1521–1575 | Lakandula | ||||||||||
• 1575–1589 | Agustin de Legazpi | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Antiquity to Early modern | ||||||||||
• First historical mention, in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription; trade relations with the Mataram kingdom implied | before 900 | ||||||||||
• Various proposed dates for the founding of the neighboring Rajahnate of Maynila range as early as the 1200s (see Battle of Manila (1258) and (1365)) to the 1500s (see Battle of Manila (1500)) | c. 1200s to c. 1500s | ||||||||||
• Establishment of regular trade relations with the Ming dynasty | 1373 | ||||||||||
• Territorial conflict with Maynila during the reign of Rajah Matanda's mother | c. 1520 | ||||||||||
| 1570 | |||||||||||
| 1571 | |||||||||||
• Attack of Limahong and concurrent Tagalog revolt of 1574 | 1574 | ||||||||||
• Discovery of the Tondo Conspiracy, dissolution of indigenous rule, and integration into the Spanish East Indies | 1589 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Piloncitos, Gold rings, and Barter | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | Philippines | ||||||||||
| History of the Philippines |
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| Timeline |
| Philippines portal |
Tondo (Tagalog: [tunˈdo]; Baybayin: , Kapampangan: Balen ning Tundo), also popularly known referred to as the Kingdom of Tondo, was a Tagalog and Kapampangan settlement which served as a major trade hub located on the northern part of the Pasig River delta on Luzon Island. Together with Maynila, the polity (bayan) which was also situated on the southern part of the Pasig River delta, Tondo established a shared monopoly on the trade of Chinese goods throughout the rest of the Philippine archipelago, making it an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia.
Tondo is one of the oldest historically documented settlements in the Philippines. It was mentioned in the Lord Namvaran's acquittance in 900 AD, also called the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the oldest extant written document in the Philippines.
Manila, Tondo, and other Luzonian towns around Manila Bay and Laguna de Bay saw an influx of travelling Spanish warriors under Spanish royal command starting from 1570.
The Spaniards conspired to conquer the towns of Luzon for the Spanish king starting from the Manila Bay area. The Luzonian towns by the Manila Bay only started to capitulate to Spanish rule in 1571, including the traditional city of Manila (now called Intramuros), which was the capital of Luzon, and the town of Tondo. Tondo was afterwards ruled by the Spaniards from Manila.
Tondo's absorption into the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies effectively ended its status as an independent political entity. It only regained sovereignty in the Philippine revolution, and then succumbed again to foreign rule after the American invasion, and has always remained a separate town until 1911 when Tondo was designated as a district of the modern City of Manila.