Spanish East Indies

The Spanish East Indies were the colonies of the Spanish Empire in Asia and Oceania from 1565 to 1901, governed through the captaincy general in Manila for the Spanish Crown, initially reporting to Mexico City, then later directly reporting to Madrid after the Spanish American Wars of Independence.

The king of Spain traditionally styled himself "King of the East and West Indies" (Spanish: Rey de las Indias Orientales y Occidentales).

From 1565 to 1821 these territories, together with the Spanish West Indies, were administered through the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. After independence of the Mexican Empire, Manila reported directly to Madrid. The territories ruled included present-day Philippines, Guam and the Mariana Islands, as well as Palau, part of Micronesia, and for a period Northern Taiwan and parts of North Sulawesi and the Moluccas (Dutch East Indies (VOC)). Cebu was the first seat of government when the Spanish first arrived in the Philippines, which was later transferred to Manila.

After the fall of Manila during the Spanish–American War in 1898, the United States occupied the city and the Spanish colonial government moved its capital to Iloilo, their strongest remaining stronghold in the Philippines. However, they soon surrendered the city to local revolutionary forces before American occupation. Spain later sold other smaller islands to Germany in the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, and the few remaining islands were ceded to the United States when the Treaty of Washington was ratified in 1901.