Three Districts Economic Commission

The Ili District Council was a governing council that encompassing the three northernmost districts of Xinjiang Province, Republic of China: Ili, Tarbagatay (Tacheng) and Altay. It was established in 1946 after a Soviet-brokered peace agreement between the Republic of China (ROC) and the breakaway Second East Turkestan Republic (ETR), which led to the dissolution of the ETR and the establishment of the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province; the interests of the ETR's former leaders were retained through the Ili District Council. The region retained its political independence.

The appointment of a pro-Chinese Uyghur official as head of the Coalition Government led to its collapse in August 1947, when the Ili District Council leaders withdrew in protest and established the Three Districts Economic Commission to continue governing the three districts independently from the rest of Xinjiang. In August 1949, most of the Three Districts Economic Commission's former leaders died in a plane crash in the Soviet Union, while en route to attend talks in Beijing. By the end of 1950, the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) had captured most of the commission's former territory and incorporated it into Xinjiang Province, which became the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 1955. The three districts were reorganised as constituent parts of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in 1953.

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