Second East Turkestan Republic
East Turkestan Republic شەرقىي تۈركىستان جۇمھۇرىيىتى (Uyghur) | |||||||||
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| 1944–1946 | |||||||||
Territorial extent of the Second East Turkestan Republic (red), encompassing the three districts of Ili, Tarbagatay and Altay | |||||||||
| Status | Satellite state of the Soviet Union | ||||||||
| Capital | Ghulja | ||||||||
| Common languages | Uyghur (official, 1944–1945) | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam (majority; official, 1945–1946) | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary republic under an interim government | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1944–1946 | Elihan Tore | ||||||||
| Vice President | |||||||||
• 1944–1946 | Hakim Beg Khoja | ||||||||
| Independence from the Republic of China | |||||||||
| Historical era | World War II · Cold War | ||||||||
• Start of the Ili Rebellion | 7 November 1944 | ||||||||
• Independence declared | 12 November 1944 | ||||||||
• Formation of the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province | 27 June 1946 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1944 estimate | 705,168 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | China | ||||||||
| East Turkestan Republic | |||||||||
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| Uyghur name | |||||||||
| Uyghur | شەرقىي تۈركىستان جۇمھۇرىيىتى | ||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 東突厥斯坦共和國 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 东突厥斯坦共和国 | ||||||||
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| Russian name | |||||||||
| Russian | Восточно-Туркестанская Республика | ||||||||
| Romanization | Vostochno-Turkestanskaya Respublika | ||||||||
| Kazakh name | |||||||||
| Kazakh | Шығыс Түркістан Республикасы | ||||||||
| Uzbek name | |||||||||
| Uzbek | Sharqiy Turkiston Jumhuriyati | ||||||||
| History of Xinjiang |
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The East Turkestan Republic (ETR) was a breakaway state that existed from 1944 to 1946, encompassing the three northernmost districts of Xinjiang Province, Republic of China: Ili, Tarbagatay (Tacheng) and Altay. It is often called the Second East Turkestan Republic to differentiate it from the First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934) established exactly a decade earlier.
The ETR emerged from the Ili Rebellion in November 1944 and was initially backed by the Soviet Union. Over half of the ETR's population was Kazakh, but its government was ethnically diverse with a slight Uyghur majority. Its president was Elihan Tore, an Uzbek, while its vice president was Hakim Beg Khoja, a Uyghur. The Soviets' wartime alliance with the Republic of China (ROC) led to the cessation of aid. In June 1946, following peace negotiations between the leaders of the ETR and representatives from the ROC, the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province was established in Dihua (present-day Ürümqi) and the ETR government was reformed as the Ili District Council, although the region retained its political independence.