Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922)

Simko Shikak Revolt
	Part of 1921 Persian coup d'état and Kurdish separatism in Iran
	; Map showing the main locations and zones controlled by Simko Shikak during his revolt (1918–1922)
Date	1918 to 1922
Location	North-Western Iran
Result	Iranian victory Reza Shah seizes power in 1921, suppresses the revolt in 1922; Another attempt by Simko in 1926;
Belligerents
Kurdish forces; Kurdish tribes Dehbokri; Mamash; Mangur; ; Several Luri tribes; Supported by: Ottoman Empire (1918–1920) Turkey (1920–1926)	Qajar Iran (1919–1921); Assyrian levies; Assyrian volunteers; Azerbaijani volunteers After 1921: Pahlavi Iran
Commanders and leaders
Simko Shikak (WIA); Amar Khan Shikak; Seyyed Taha Shamzini; Sardar Moazzaz Bojnurdi; Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; Kâzım Karabekir	Reza Khan Mirpanj; Amir Arshad; Hasan Arfa; Major Malakzadeh †; Mohammad Taqi Pessian †; Khalo Ghorban †; Masoud Divan †; Zafar al-Dowleh; General Hassan Moqaddam; Agha Petros; Shimun XIX Benyamin X; Malik Khoshaba; Malik Yaqo
Strength
1,000 (early stage); 5,000 (later stage) Dehbokri (1,700 soldier); Mamash (700 soldier); Mangur (700 soldier); Several hundred Ottoman soldiers and Turkish mercenaries; ;	37,000 (1918); 33,000 (1921–1922)
Casualties and losses
4,500 killed, captured and wounded 10,000 Kurds and Turks massacred;	8,500 killed, captured and wounded 200 irregular soldiers killed, including Amir Arshad; 150 gendarmes killed, including Mohammad Taqi Pessian; Along with Khalo Ghorban, 200 irregular troops killed; 600 Iranian gendarmes, including Major Malakzadeh, were killed; 1,500 civilians froze to death.;
	Total: ~25,650 killed

The Simko Shikak revolt was an armed Ottoman-backed tribal Kurdish uprising against the Qajar dynasty of Iran from 1918 to 1922, led by Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak from the Shekak tribe. During 1920–1922 under the leadership of Agha Simko, Kurdish tribal forces in Kurdish areas of the new born Iran challenged the authority of the central Persian government.

After Brigadier-General Reza Khan deposed the Qajars in a 1921 coup, he defeated Simko Shikak as well as several prominent rebel commanders such as Kuchik Khan and Colonel Pessian during the Iranian events of 1921. Following the assassination of Mar Shimun by Simko, the forces of Agha Petros carried out a retaliatory massacre in the city of Urmia in 1918, in which an estimated 10,000-15,000 Kurds and Turks—men, women, and children—were killed.