Portal:Thailand

Kingdom of Thailand
ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Thai)
*Ratcha-anachak Thai*
Kingdom of Thailand ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Thai); Ratcha-anachak Thai;
	Flag Coat of arms
ISO 3166 code	TH

Welcome to the Thailand Portal / สถานีย่อยประเทศไทย

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand, and formerly known as Siam until 1939, is a country located in mainland Southeast Asia. It shares land borders with Myanmar to the west and northwest, Laos to the east and northeast, Cambodia to the southeast, and Malaysia to the south. Its maritime boundaries include the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea, as well as maritime borders with Vietnam, Indonesia, and India. Thailand has a population of nearly 66 million people and covers an area of approximately 513,115 km² (198,115 sq mi). The country's capital and largest city is Bangkok.

After the fall of Ayutthaya, King Taksin reunified the kingdom and established the Thonburi Kingdom, which lasted only 15 years before he was overthrown by Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I), the founder of the Chakri dynasty. King Rama I established the Rattanakosin Kingdom and moved the capital to Bangkok in 1782. During the era of Western imperialism, Siam remained the only country in Southeast Asia to avoid colonisation by European powers, although it ceded territory, trade rights, and legal privileges through several unequal treaties. The governance system evolved into an absolute monarchy centralised under the rule of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Siam adapted to international relations during the imperialist era and joined World War I on the side of the Allies, a political decision aimed at revising the effects of unequal treaties and enhancing Siam's international status.

Following the Siamese revolution of 1932 by the Khana Ratsadon (lit. 'People's Party'), Siam transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a parliamentary constitutional monarchy and was officially renamed Thailand. During World War II, the country was under the military dictatorship of Plaek Phibunsongkhram and allied with the Empire of Japan as part of the Axis powers, but Thailand did not become a defeated nation due to the underground Free Thai Movement's "Declaration of Peace", which was recognised by the Allies. During the Cold War, Thailand became a key major non-NATO ally of the United States and played a major role in countering communism in the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and other proxy wars. Thailand also joined the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). Despite brief periods of liberal democracy in the 1970s and 1990s, Thailand alternated between liberal democracy and military dictatorship. (Full article...)

Selected articles -

Image 1

The Thai Canal (Thai: คลองไทย), also known as the Kra Canal (คลองกระ) or the Kra Isthmus Canal (คลองคอคอดกระ), is any of several proposals for a canal that would connect the Gulf of Thailand with the Andaman Sea across the Kra Isthmus in southern Thailand. Such a canal is suggested to significantly reduce travel times through heavily-navigated trade routes.

The canal would provide an alternative to transit through the Strait of Malacca and shorten transit for shipments of oil to Japan and China by 1,200 km. China refers to it as part of its 21st century maritime Silk Road. Proposals, as of 2015, measure 102 kilometres long, 400 meters wide and 25 meters deep. Plans for a canal have been discussed and explored at various times. Cost, environmental concerns, and geopolitical concerns have been weighed against the potential economic and strategic benefits. (Full article...)
Image 2

Nakhon Pathom (Thai: จังหวัดนครปฐม, pronounced [náʔkʰɔ̄ːn pā.tʰǒm], (Pronunciation)) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Suphan Buri, Ayutthaya, Nonthaburi, Bangkok, Samut Sakhon, Ratchaburi, and Kanchanaburi. The capital city of Nakhon Pathom province is Nakhon Pathom.

Nakhon Pathom province is home to the Phra Pathommachedi, a chedi commissioned by King Mongkut (Rama IV) and completed by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1870. The chedi is a reminder of the long vanished Dvaravati civilization that once flourished here and by tradition Nakhon Pathom is where Buddhism first came to Thailand. The province itself is known for its many fruit orchards. (Full article...)
Image 3

Location in Bangkok

Wat Benchamabophit Dusitvanaram (Thai: วัดเบญจมบพิตรดุสิตวนาราม; ) is a Buddhist temple (wat) located in the Dusit District of Bangkok, Thailand. Also known as the Marble Temple, it is one of the city's most renowned religious landmarks and a major tourist attraction. The temple is celebrated for its refined architectural composition, exemplifying Bangkok's ornate style with high gables, multi-tiered roofs, and elaborate finials. Its layout and decorative program reflect a synthesis of traditional Thai aesthetics with subtle European influences introduced during the reign of Chulalongkorn. (Full article...)
Image 4

Location in Samut Prakan province##Location in Thailand##Location in Southeast Asia

Suvarnabhumi Airport (IATA: BKK, ICAO: VTBS) is the main international airport serving Bangkok, the capital of Thailand. It is one of two airports serving Bangkok, the other being Don Mueang International Airport (DMK). Located mostly in Racha Thewa commune, Bang Phli district, Samut Prakan province, it covers an area of 3,520 ha (35.2 km²; 8,700 acres), making it one of the biggest international airports in Southeast Asia, tenth biggest in the world and a regional hub for aviation. It has an Airport Rail Link, an Automated People Mover as well as being located close to Motorway 7.

Tentatively named Nong Nguhao before changing to Suvarnabhumi—a toponym that appears in many ancient Indian literary sources and Buddhist text—Suvarnabhumi is the busiest in the country, ninth busiest airport in Asia, and 20th busiest airport in the world, handling 62,234,693 passengers in 2024. As of 2025, it is served by the most airlines in the world, with 113 airlines operating from the airport. (Full article...)
Image 5

Halfmoon male

The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), commonly known as the Siamese fighter, or locally as the betta, is a freshwater fish native to Southeast Asia, namely Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is one of 76 species of the genus Betta, but the only one eponymously called "betta", owing to its global popularity as a pet; Betta splendens are among the most popular aquarium fish in the world, due to their diverse and colorful morphology and relatively low maintenance.

Betta fish are endemic to the central plain of Thailand, where they were first domesticated at least 1,000 years ago, among the earliest of any fish. They were initially bred for aggression and subject to gambling matches akin to cockfighting. Bettas became known outside Thailand through King Rama III (1788–1851), who is said to have given some to Theodore Cantor, a Danish physician, zoologist, and botanist. They first appeared in the West in the late 19th century, and within decades became popular as ornamental fish. B. splendens's long history of selective breeding has produced a wide variety of coloration and finnage, earning it the moniker "designer fish of the aquatic world". (Full article...)
Image 6

The Kammatthana meditation tradition originally grew out of the Dhammayut reform movement, founded by Mongkut in the 1820s as an attempt to raise the bar for what was perceived as the "lax" Buddhist practice of the regional Buddhist traditions at the time. Mongkut's reforms were originally focused on scriptural study of the earliest extant Buddhist texts, revival of the dhutanga ascetic practices, and close adherence to the Buddhist Monastic Code (Pali: vinaya). However, the Dhammayut began to have an increasing emphasis on meditation as the 19th century progressed. During this time, a newly ordained Mun Bhuridatto went to stay with Ajahn Sao Kantasīlo, who was then the abbot of a small meditation-oriented monastery on the outskirts of Ubon Ratchathani, a province in the predominantly Lao-speaking cultural region of Northeast Thailand known as Isan.

Ajahn Mun learned from Ajahn Sao in the late 19th century, where he studied amidst the growing meditation culture in Isan's Dhammayut monasteries as a result of Mongkut's reforms a half-century earlier. Wandering the rural frontier of Northeast Thailand with Ajahn Sao in rigorous ascetic practices (Pali: dhutanga; Thai: tudong). Ajahn Mun traveled abroad to neighboring regions for a time, hoping to reach levels of meditative adeptness known as the noble attainments (Pali: ariya-phala), which culminate in the experience of Nibbana — the final goal of a Theravada Buddhist practitioner. (Full article...)
Image 7

The Chao Phraya River in Bangkok

The Chao Phraya River (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand. (Full article...)
Image 8

Location of the Gulf of Thailand

The Gulf of Thailand, historically known as the Gulf of Siam, is a shallow inlet adjacent to the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of Mainland Southeast Asia and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. It is around 800 km (500 mi) in length and up to 560 km (350 mi) in width, and has a surface area of 320,000 km² (120,000 sq mi). The gulf is surrounded on the north, west and southwest by the coastlines of Thailand; on the northeast by Cambodia; and the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. It opens to the South China Sea in the southeast. (Full article...)
Image 9

The United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD; Thai: แนวร่วมประชาธิปไตยต่อต้านเผด็จการแห่งชาติ; นปช., alternatively translated as National Democratic Alliance against Dictatorship), whose supporters are commonly called Red Shirts, is a political pressure group opposed to the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD), the 2006 Thai coup d'état, and supporters of the coup. Notable UDD leaders include Jatuporn Prompan, Nattawut Saikua, Veera Musikapong, Jaran Ditapichai, and Weng Tojirakarn. The UDD allies itself with the Pheu Thai Party, which was deposed by the 2014 military coup. Before the July 2011 national elections, the UDD claimed that Abhisit Vejjajiva's government took power illegitimately, backed by the Thai Army and the judiciary. The UDD called for the Thai Parliament to be dissolved so that a general election could be held. UDD accused the country's extra-democratic elite—the military, judiciary, certain members of the privy council, and other unelected officials—of undermining democracy by interfering in politics. The UDD is composed of mostly rural citizens from northeast (Isan) and north Thailand, of urban lower classes from Bangkok, and of intellectuals. Although the movement seems to receive support from former prime minister-in-exile Thaksin Shinawatra, not all UDD members support the deposed prime minister. (Full article...)
Image 10

Thai female and male dancers (1924)

Thai people, historically known as Siamese people, are an ethnic group native to Thailand. In a narrower and ethnic sense, the Thais are also a Tai ethnic group dominant in Central Thailand (Siam proper). Part of the larger Tai ethno-linguistic group native to Southeast Asia as well as Southern China, Thais speak the Sukhothai languages (Central Thai and Southern Thai language), which is classified as part of the Kra–Dai family of languages. The majority of Thais are followers of Theravada Buddhism.

Government policies during the late 1930s and early 1940s resulted in the successful forced assimilation of various ethno-linguistic groups into the country's dominant Central Thai language and culture, leading to the term Thai people to come to refer to the population of Thailand overall. This includes other subgroups of the Tai ethno-linguistic group, such as the Northern Thais and the Isan people, as well as non-Southeast Asian and non-Tai groups, the largest of which is that of the Han Chinese, who form a substantial minority ethnic group in Thailand at about 12 to 15%. (Full article...)

General images

The following are images from various Thailand-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The Khmer temple of Wat Phra Prang Sam Yod, Lopburi. (from History of Thailand)
Image 21837 (Rama III) (from History of Thailand)
Image 3Mural painting at Phra Thi Nang Phutthaisawan dates back to the early Rattanakosin period. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 4Mural painting of the epic Ramakien depicts the Hanuman enlarging his body to rescue Phra Ram. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 5Phibun welcomes students of Chulalongkorn University, at Bangkok's Grand Palace – 8 October 1940. (from History of Thailand)
Image 61390 (Ramesuan) (from History of Thailand)
Image 7Siam in 1900 (from History of Thailand)
Image 81900 (Rama V) (from History of Thailand)
Image 9Map showing linguistic family tree overlaid on a geographic distribution map of Tai-Kadai family. This map only shows general pattern of the migration of Tai-speaking tribes, not specific routes, which would have snaked along the rivers and over the lower passes. (from History of Thailand)
Image 101545 (Chairachathirat) (from History of Thailand)
Image 111800 (Rama I) (from History of Thailand)
Image 121767 (Borommaracha III) (from History of Thailand)
Image 131882 (Rama V) (from History of Thailand)
Image 141945 (Rama VIII) (from History of Thailand)
Image 15Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall, the royal reception hall built in European architectural style. Construction was started by Rama V, but was completed in 1915. (from History of Thailand)
Image 16Mural painting in Wat Amphawan Chetiyaram showing the royal cremation ceremony (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 171238-1351 (from History of Thailand)
Image 18Walking Street, Pattaya (from History of Thailand)
Image 19A group of traditional Thai houses at King Rama II Memorial Park in Amphawa, Samut Songkhram. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 20Wat Arun (from History of Thailand)
Image 21People floating krathong rafts during the Loi Krathong festival in Chiang Mai, Thailand (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 22Painted pottery bowls from the Ban Chiang archaeological site. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 23Gurkhas guide disarmed Japanese soldiers from Bangkok to prisoner of war camps outside the city, September 1945 (from History of Thailand)
Image 241906 (Rama V) (from History of Thailand)
Image 25Wat Arun, the most prominent temple of the Thonburi period, derives its name from the Hindu god Aruṇa. Its main prang was constructed later in the Rattanakosin period. (from History of Thailand)
Image 26Thai soldiers at the Chang Phueak Gate in Chiang Mai. (from History of Thailand)
Image 272023 (Rama X) (from History of Thailand)
Image 28The Democracy Monument in Bangkok, built in 1940 to commemorate the end of the absolute monarchy in 1932, was the scene of massive demonstrations in 1973, 1976, 1992 and 2010. (from History of Thailand)
Image 29A traditional wedding in Thailand. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 301916 (Rama VI) (from History of Thailand)
Image 3117th-19th century Benjarong style ceramics from Ayutthaya. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 32The image depicts Khon, a traditional dance drama that has been recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage since 2018. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 33Mural painting in Wat Borom Niwat by Khrua In Khong. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 34United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship, Red Shirts, protest on Ratchaprasong intersection in 2010. (from History of Thailand)
Image 35Five states of Siam that emerged from the dissolution of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1767 (from History of Thailand)
Image 36King Prajadhipok signing the Permanent Constitution of Siam on 10 December 1932 (from History of Thailand)
Image 37Mainland Southeast Asia in the first millennium map (from History of Thailand)
Image 381686 (Ramathibodi III) (from History of Thailand)
Image 39Display of respect of the younger towards the elder is a cornerstone value in Thailand. A family during the Buddhist ceremony for young men who are to be ordained as monks. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 401950 (Rama IX) (from History of Thailand)
Image 41People's Alliance for Democracy, Yellow Shirts, rally on Sukhumvit Road in 2008. (from History of Thailand)
Image 42Map of the Kingdom of Siam with Tributary States, 1869 (from History of Thailand)
Image 431824 (Rama II) (from History of Thailand)
Image 44A wedding ceremony in Thailand. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 45King Chulalongkorn (from History of Thailand)
Image 46Mainland Southeast Asia Map in 1844 by Carl Radefeld, before French colonization of Annam (from History of Thailand)
Image 47King Vajiralongkorn, the current monarch of Thailand (from History of Thailand)
Image 481805 (Rama I) (from History of Thailand)
Image 491941 (Rama VIII) (from History of Thailand)
Image 50Schoolgirls and boys playing khrueang sai in front of a temple (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 51Thai women wearing Isan modified sinh dress for Boon Bang Fai festival in Roi Et (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 52Buddhist novices receiving joss sticks. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 531890 (Rama V) (from History of Thailand)
Image 541932 (Rama VII) (from History of Thailand)
Image 551850 (Rama III) (from History of Thailand)
Image 56Buakaw Banchamek, a famous Muay Thai fighter (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 57Thai women wearing sabai, Jim Thompson House (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 5815th-century Kalong ware glazed stoneware dish (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 59Wat Phra Kaew, an example of early Rattanakosin period architecture located in Bangkok's historic Rattanakosin Island. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 60Khaosan Road, Bangkok (from History of Thailand)
Image 61Traditional Thai desserts (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 62Protesters mobilising, 1 December 2013 (from History of Thailand)
Image 63Indochina political map, 960 AD (from History of Thailand)
Image 64General Prayut Chan-o-cha, the coup leader (from History of Thailand)
Image 65A 14-year-old Vietnamese contaminated with Agent Orange. (from History of Thailand)
Image 66Siamese Expeditionary Forces in Paris Victory Parade, 1919. (from History of Thailand)
Image 67Yi Peng, floating lantern festival in Northern Thailand, observed around the same time as Loy Krathong. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 68Thai greeting, the smile is an important symbol of refinement in Thai culture. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 69Siamese in Laos, canoe racing, 1866 (from History of Thailand)
Image 701908 (Rama V) (from History of Thailand)
Image 71The roads along the old moat of Chiang Mai are full of vehicles during the Songkran water splashing festival. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 72King Bhumibol in his birthday ceremony in 2007, celebrating his longest-reigning in Thai history. (from History of Thailand)
Image 73The ruins of Ayutthaya city was completely buried beneath a mass of jungle vegetation in 1930. (from History of Thailand)
Image 741973 (Rama IX) (from History of Thailand)
Image 75A Buddha from Wat Kukkut, Lamphun (from History of Thailand)
Image 76Funeral pyre of Chan Kusalo, the patriarch-abbot of northern Thailand. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 7715th-16th century Sawankhalok stoneware with brown underglaze and pale blue glaze (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 78A group of Kalae houses, traditional northern Thai house located at Thawan Duchanee's house in Chiang Rai. (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 791603 (Sanphet II) (from History of Thailand)
Image 80Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand, 2001–2006. (from History of Thailand)
Image 811893 (Rama V) (from History of Thailand)
Image 82Muay Thai match in Bangkok, Thailand (from Culture of Thailand)
Image 831468 (Borommatrailokkanat) (from History of Thailand)
Image 84 1780 (Borommaracha IV) (from History of Thailand)

List articles

More Thailand-related lists

Good article -

This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

A radiation accident occurred in Samut Prakan Province, Thailand in January–February 2000. The accident happened when an insecurely stored unlicensed cobalt-60 radiation source was recovered by scrap metal collectors who, together with a scrapyard worker, subsequently dismantled the container, unknowingly exposing themselves and others nearby to ionizing radiation. Over the following weeks, those exposed developed symptoms of radiation sickness and eventually sought medical attention. The Office of Atomic Energy for Peace (OAEP), Thailand's nuclear regulatory agency, was notified when doctors came to suspect radiation injury, some 17 days after the initial exposure. The OAEP sent an emergency response team to locate and contain the radiation source, which was estimated to have an activity of 15.7 terabecquerels (420 Ci), and was eventually traced to its owner. Investigations found failure to ensure secure storage of the radiation source to be the root cause of the accident, which resulted in ten people being hospitalized for radiation injury, three of whom died, as well as the potentially significant exposure of 1,872 people. (Full article...)

List of Good articles

Did you know (auto-generated) -

... that Maxine North swore never to return to Thailand after the death of her undercover CIA husband, but ultimately settled there and introduced bottled water to the country?
... that Thai prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra was minutes away from boarding an aircraft that exploded?
... that American-born Freddie Lish called playing for the Thai national basketball team, "my dream ever since I found out my mom was born in Thailand"?
... that the packaging of one Thai throat lozenge features five centipedes?
... that the first Thai typewriter left out two letters, which eventually became obsolete?
... that a Thai film went viral in 2024 as viewers shared videos of themselves crying after watching it?
... that a restaurant in a Thai hotel serves "Chicken Volcano", a dish containing whiskey?
... that the performers in the Thai drag show Calypso Cabaret impressed Lady Gaga with their ability to be open about their identities?

Selected fare or cuisine -

Mango sticky rice

Mango sticky rice is a traditional Southeast Asian and South Asian dessert made with glutinous rice, fresh mango and coconut milk. (Full article...)

List of fare/cuisine articles

Selected picture -

Credit: User:Terence Ong

Aerial view of Lumphini Park, Bangkok taken from The Dusit Thani Hotel.

More did you know -

... that the 2003 Bangkok International Film Festival hosted the world premiere of Ong-Bak, the lead-acting debut by Thai action star Tony Jaa?

Thailand topics

History:	Ayutthaya Kingdom, Chakri dynasty, Constitution of Thailand, Early history of Thailand, Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Thailand, Hariphunchai, History of Thailand (1768–1932), History of Thailand (1932–1973), History of Thailand (1973-2001), History of Thailand since 2001, Lan Na, Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom, Pattani Kingdom, Plaek Pibulsonggram, Pridi Phanomyong, Sarit Dhanarajata, Siamese coup d'état of 1932, South Thailand insurgency, Srivijaya
Politics:	1997 Constitution of Thailand, 2006 interim constitution of Thailand, Administrative divisions of Thailand, Cabinet of Thailand, Constitution of Thailand, Constitutional Court of Thailand, Foreign relations of Thailand, Government of Thailand, National Assembly of Thailand, People's Alliance for Democracy, Sonthi Boonyaratglin, South Thailand insurgency, Pridiyathorn Devakula, Prem Tinsulanonda, Surayud Chulanont, 2006 Thai coup d'état, Thai 2006 interim civilian government, Thai Rak Thai, Thaksin Shinawatra, Samak Sundaravej
Economy:	Agriculture in Thailand, Baht, Bank of Thailand, List of banks in Thailand Bureau of the Crown Property, Stock Exchange of Thailand, Suvarnabhumi Airport, Thai Airways, Thaksinomics, Tourism in Thailand, Transport in Thailand, US-Thailand Free Trade Agreement, Rail transport in Thailand, Thai motorway network
Geography:	Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Chao Phraya River, Demographics of Thailand, Doi Inthanon, Gulf of Thailand, Khao Lak, Khao Yai National Park, Khorat Plateau, Ko Chang, Ko Samet, Ko Samui, Kra Isthmus, Kwai river, Mekong, Patong Beach, Phi Phi Islands, Three Pagodas Pass
Provinces:	Bangkok, Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Rai Province, Chonburi Province, Kanchanaburi Province, Khon Kaen Province, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Narathiwat Province, Pattani Province, Phuket Province, Songkhla Province, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Udon Thani Province, Yala Province
Culture:	Thai art, Buddhism in Thailand, Buddhist temples in Thailand, Cinema of Thailand, Cuisine of Thailand, Dance in Thailand, Education in Thailand, Farang, Flag of Thailand, Kathoey, Lakorn, Literature in Thailand, Thai language, Loi Krathong, Media of Thailand, Muay Thai, Music of Thailand, List of television stations in Thailand, Thai names, National Museum, Thai New Year, Public holidays in Thailand, Ramakien, Royal Flags of Thailand, Royal Flora Ratchaphruek, Thai greeting, Thai-style dresses, Traditional Thai musical instruments
Others:	Pridi Banomyong, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Communications in Thailand, Elephant Nature Park, Environmental issues in Thailand, Grand Palace, Bangkok, Prostitution in Thailand, Queen Sirikit, Military of Thailand, Thai royal and noble titles, List of shopping malls in Thailand, Thai studies

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