Police Actions (Indonesia)

Police Actions
Part of the Indonesian National Revolution

From top, left to right:
  • A Dutch military column during the First Police Action, 1947
  • A Dutch soldier examines a destroyed bridge in Java, 1947
  • Arrested Indonesian leaders, including A.K. Gani and Tamzil, sit on a veranda, 1947
  • Three Dutch soldiers during the Second Police Action, 1948
  • The burned out city center of Jambi, 1948
  • Sukarno sits in a jeep after his arrest, 1948
Date21 July 1947 – 5 January 1949
Guerilla warfare until 7 May 1949
Location
Result
  • Dutch victory
Territorial
changes
Dutch forces recapture the economic centre of Sumatra and the Port of Java (1947), and Yogyakarta (1948–49)
Belligerents
Indonesia Netherlands
Commanders and leaders
Sudirman
Oerip Soemohardjo
Djatikoesoemo
Abdul Haris Nasution
Simon Spoor
Hubertus van Mook
Dirk van Langen
Strength
c. 200,000 (1947)
c. 100,000 (1948–49)
c. 120,000 (1947)
c. 130,000 (1948–49)

The Police Actions (Dutch: Politionele Acties, also Politiële Acties), were two major military offensives that the Netherlands carried out on Java and Sumatra against the Republic of Indonesia during its struggle for independence in the Indonesian National Revolution. In Indonesia they are collectively known as the Dutch Military Aggressions (Indonesian: Agresi Militer Belanda), although the direct translation Aksi Polisionil is also used.

In Dutch historiography and discourse, the entire Indonesian War of Independence was euphemistically referred to for decades as "the police actions", as coined by the government at the time. In the Netherlands, the public impression prevailed that only these two short-term operations had been carried out, intended to protect the Dutch East Indies from a rebellion that required police action. This perspective ignores the fact that between the Indonesian declaration of independence in August 1945 and the cession of sovereignty in December 1949, a 52-month war had taken place.