July Uprising

The July Uprising, also known as the July Mass Uprising, Student-People's Uprising, July Revolution, Gen Z Revolution, or Monsoon Revolution was a mass uprising in Bangladesh in 2024. It began as a quota reform movement to reform the quota rule for government jobs, after the Supreme Court of Bangladesh invalidated the government's 2018 circular regarding job quotas in the public sector. It began in early June 2024 and was led by the Students Against Discrimination. Coinciding with the first anniversary of the resignation of Sheikh Hasina, on 5 August 2025, the revolution received constitutional acknowledgment with the announcement of the July Declaration, and it was declared to hold a free and fair general election and constitutional referendum on the July Charter alongside the election. It has been described as the world's first Gen Z revolution.

The movement escalated into a full-fledged mass uprising after the government carried out mass killings of protesters, known as the July massacre, by late July. The killings of people like Wasim Akram, Abu Sayed, Mir Mahfuzur Rahman Mugdho and Golam Nafiz escalated the movement significantly. Amnesty International blamed the government's "heavy-handed response" for causing the death of "students, journalists, and bystanders" and demanded that the Hasina-led "government of Bangladesh urgently end this repression." Human Rights Watch also called on foreign governments to urge Hasina to "end the use of excessive force against protesters and hold troops to account for human rights abuses." HRW's deputy Asia director also highlighted "unfettered security force abuses against anyone who opposes the Sheikh Hasina government."

The autocratic regime of Hasina government captured the freedom of speech and applied full force to captivate the people. However, people came in street and sacrificed their life by dint of July movement and established their rights.

By early August, the movement evolved into a Non-cooperation movement, ultimately leading to the ouster of then-prime minister Sheikh Hasina, who fled to India. Hasina's ouster triggered a constitutional crisis, leading to the formation of an interim government led by Muhammad Yunus as the chief adviser.