Judiciary of Brazil

The Judiciary of Brazil is the system of courts and judicial institutions established by the Constitution of Brazil (1988) to carry out judicial functions, ensure the rule of law, and protect constitutional guarantees. It operates under a tripartite division of powers alongside the executive and legislative branches, but maintains institutional independence and oversight. Among its key organs are the Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal, STF), which serves as the ultimate constitutional court; the Superior Court of Justice (Superior Tribunal de Justiça, STJ), which handles non-constitutional federal issues; and specialized courts such as the Superior Labor Court, Superior Electoral Court, and Superior Military Court. Oversight and administration are in part managed by the National Council of Justice (Conselho Nacional de Justiça, CNJ), which regulates administrative, financial, and disciplinary matters of the judiciary. The system is divided between common justice (federal and state courts) for most civil and criminal cases, and specialized justice (labor, electoral, military) which deals with specific jurisdictional areas.

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