Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina
	Sarajevo, the capital and financial centre of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Currency	Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (BAM)
Fiscal year	Calendar year
Trade organisations	CEFTA, WTO (observer)
Country group	Developing/Emerging; Upper-middle income economy;
Statistics
Population	3,140,095 (7 April 2025, est.)
GDP	$36.24 billion (nominal, 2026f); $82.23 billion (PPP, 2026f);
GDP rank	107th (nominal, 2026 est.); 108th (PPP, 2026 est.);
GDP growth	-3.0% (2020); +7.4% (2021); +4.2% (2022); +1.8% (2023); +2.5% (2024); +3.0% (2025f);
GDP per capita	$10,546 (nominal, 2026f); $23,930 (PPP, 2026);
GDP per capita rank	85th (nominal, 2026 est.); 84th (PPP, 2026 est.);
GDP by sector	agriculture: 6.8%; industry: 28.9%; services: 64.3%; (2017 est.);
Inflation (CPI)	−0.6% (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line	17.5% (2021)
Human Development Index	0.804 very high maximum (2023, 74th); 0.667 medium real (2022, IHDI);
Corruption Perceptions Index	35 out of 100 points (2023) (101st)
Labour force	1,583,000 (15 September 2022); 55.9% employment rate (2023);
Unemployment	11.2% (September 30th, 2025); 27.3% youth unemployment (2023);
Average gross salary	2,538 BAM / €1,297.90 / $1,528.82 (December 2025)
Average net salary	1,633 BAM / €834.75 / $983.65 (December 2025)
Main industries	steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicles, textiles, tobacco products, furniture, tanks, aircraft, domestic appliances, oil refining
External
Exports	$9.528 billion (2024)
Export goods	electricity, car seats, iron structures, aluminium, furniture
Main export partners	EU 70.54% Germany 14.7%; Croatia 14.1%; Austria 9.45%; Slovenia 8.16%; Italy 7.82%; ; Serbia 11.4%; Montenegro 3.46%; Turkey 2.20%; United States 1.94%; Switzerland 1.74% (2024);
Imports	$16.436 billion (2024)
Import goods	crude oil, automobiles, motor oil, coal, briquettes
Main import partners	EU 58.78% Italy 11.3%; Germany 10.9%; Croatia 8.7%; Slovenia 4.31%; Austria 3.79%; ; Serbia 11.7%; China 9.14%; Turkey 5.6%; United States 2.14%; Russia 1.12% (2024);
FDI stock	$9.73 billion (31 December 2022 est.); Abroad: $0 (2014);
Current account	−$873 million (2017 est.)
Gross external debt	$4.87 billion (30 June 2023)
Public finances
Government debt	16.9% of GDP (31 December 2024)
Foreign reserves	$9.24 billion (June 30, 2024)
Budget balance	+2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Revenues	7.993 billion (2017 est.)
Expenses	7.607 billion (2017 est.)
Credit rating	Standard & Poor's:; B+ (Domestic); B+ (Foreign); BB (T&C Assessment);
	All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

The economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a developing transitional economy. Since its independence movement during the 1990s, the country has sought deeper economic integration within Europe. Their main trading partner is the European Union and neighboring countries in Southeast Europe. Its complex political governance has strained domestic economic and fiscal policy. It runs a structural trade deficit financed by remittances from the Bosnian diaspora, and as such, is heavily dependent on foreign aid. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an emerging tourism sector which has helped diversify a historically strong agricultural sector. It has limited infrastructure, heavy public regulation, as well as a large informal economy.