Fatah–Hamas conflict

Fatah–Hamas conflict
	Part of Palestinian internal political violence
	; Map of the Gaza Strip
Date	25 January 2006 – present; (main phase in 2007); (20 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 5 days)
Location	State of Palestine mainly Gaza Strip
Status	Ongoing, reconciliation process: Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip; New Palestinian government in the West Bank, appointed by Mahmoud Abbas; Mecca Agreement signed in 2007; Reconciliation agreement signed May 2011; Doha and Cairo Agreements signed 2012; Renewed political crisis in March–April 2012; Strong increase of tensions in 2013; Reconciliation deals signed in April 2014; Unity government sworn in during June 2014; Implementation of unity government control in Gaza due date; Israel starts arming Fatah militants in 2025 to weaken Hamas in the Gaza Strip;
Belligerents
Hamas Gaza Strip (after June 2007); ; Hamas/PJOR-affiliated groups in the West Bank (from 2022); Supported by:; Iran; Palestinian Joint Operations Room;	Fatah Palestinian Authority; ; Fatah-affiliated groups in the Gaza Strip (from 2025); Supported by:; Israel; United States (alleged); United Kingdom (covert);
Commanders and leaders
Ismail Haniyeh; Khaled Mashal; Mohammed Deif; Yahya Sinwar; Mohammed Sinwar;	Mahmoud Abbas; Mohammed Dahlan; Hossam al-Astal; Rami Hilles
Units involved
Hamas Al-Qassam Brigades; ; Hamas/PJOR-affiliated groups in the West Bank (from 2022) Hornets' Nest; Jenin Brigades; Tulkarm Brigade; Nablus Brigade; Nur Shams Brigade; Ramallah Brigade; Tubas Brigade; Qabatiya Brigade; Lions' Den; Jerusalem Brigades; Al-Ayyash Battalion; Biddya Brigades; ;	Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (until 2007); ; Fatah-affiliated groups in the Gaza Strip (from 2025) Counter-Terrorism Strike Force; Shuja'iyya Popular Defense Forces; Khanidak clan (denied); Al-Mujaida clan (until Oct. 2025); Abu Samra clan; ;
Strength
Al-Qassam Brigades:; 20,000–40,000; Executive Police Force (until 2007): 6,000	National Security: 30,000; Palestinian Preventive Security: 30,000; General Intelligence: 5,000; Presidential Guard: 4,200; Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades: 3,500+
Casualties and losses
83 killed	165 killed
	98 civilians killed; 1,000+ wounded on both sides; Total: 350 to over 600 killed

The Fatah–Hamas conflict (Arabic: النزاع بين فتح وحماس, romanized: an-Nizāʿ bayna Fataḥ wa-Ḥamās) is an ongoing political and strategic conflict between Fatah and Hamas, the two main Palestinian political parties in the Palestinian territories, leading to the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007. The reconciliation process and unification of Hamas and Fatah administrations remains unfinalized and the situation is deemed a frozen conflict.

The Palestinian Independent Commission for Citizens' Rights has found that over 600 Palestinians were killed in the fighting from January 2006 to May 2007. Dozens more were killed or executed in the following years as part of the conflict.