China and Russia in the 2026 Iran war

The involvement of China and Russia in the 2026 Iran war encompassed a range of diplomatic, intelligence, and logistical actions amid the conflict that began with coordinated airstrikes by Israel and the United States against Iran on 28 February 2026. Both countries maintained longstanding partnerships with Iran, including economic ties and military cooperation, but their responses to the war highlighted strategic caution rather than direct military intervention. Russia provided intelligence support to Iran, including data on U.S. military positions, while China focused on diplomatic mediation and limited material assistance, such as spare parts for missiles. Analysts described these contributions as enabling Iran to sustain its defenses without escalating to a broader confrontation involving Moscow or Beijing.

Despite public condemnations of the U.S.-Israeli strikes, neither China nor Russia committed troops or engaged in combat operations. Their abstentions from a United Nations Security Council Resolution 2817 condemning Iranian attacks on Gulf states. Russia's support was constrained by its ongoing war in Ukraine, while China's priorities centered on securing energy supplies through the Strait of Hormuz and avoiding disruptions to global trade.

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