Castile and León
Castile and León
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| Castilla y León | |
Location of Castile and Leon in Spain | |
Interactive map of Castile and León | |
| Coordinates: 41°38′42″N 04°44′33″W / 41.64500°N 4.74250°W | |
| Country | Spain |
| Capital | Valladolid (de facto) |
| Provinces | Ávila, Burgos, León, Palencia, Salamanca, Segovia, Soria, Valladolid and Zamora |
| Government | |
| • President | Alfonso Fernández Mañueco (PP) |
| • Legislature | Cortes of Castile and León |
| • Executive | Junta of Castile and León |
| Area | |
• Total | 94,216.91 km2 (36,377.35 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 1st in Spain |
| Population (2025) | |
• Total | 2,401,221 |
| • Rank | 6th in Spain |
| • Density | 25.48609/km2 (66.00868/sq mi) |
| Demonyms |
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| GDP | |
| • Total | €70.876 billion (2023) |
| • Per capita | €29,698 (2023) |
| ISO 3166 code | ES-CL |
| Official languages | Spanish |
| Statute of Autonomy | 2 March 1983 |
| Congress seats | 31 (of 350) |
| Senate seats | 39 (of 265) |
| HDI (2025) | 0.912 very high · 9th |
| Website | jcyl.es |
Castile and León is an autonomous community of Spain. While a capital has not been explicitly declared, the seats of the executive and legislative powers are set in Valladolid by law, and for all purposes that city (also the most populated municipality) serves as the de facto regional capital.
Castile and León is a landlocked region in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, bordered by Portugal as well as by the Spanish autonomous communities of Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque Country, La Rioja, Aragon, Castilla–La Mancha, the Community of Madrid and Extremadura. Chiefly comprising the northern half of the Inner Plateau, it is surrounded by mountain barriers (the Cantabrian Mountains to the North, the Sistema Central to the South and the Sistema Ibérico to the East) and most of the territory is drained by the Douro River (Spanish: Duero), flowing west toward the Atlantic Ocean. Castile and León is the largest autonomous community in Spain by area, covering 94,216.91 km2, It is sparsely populated, with a population of around 2.4 million and a population density of about 25/km2.
The autonomous community was created in 1983 by grouping the provinces of León, Zamora, Salamanca (all three traditionally attached to the region of León), Ávila, Burgos, Palencia, Segovia, Soria and Valladolid (attached to Old Castile).
The region contains eleven World Heritage Sites, making it (along with Lombardia in Italy) the region with most UNESCO World Heritage Sites. UNESCO recognizes the Cortes of León of 1188 as the cradle of worldwide parliamentarism. The region is strongly affected by population ageing. Castile and León is the region with the worst quality of government index in Spain.