By-elections to the 45th Canadian Parliament
May 26, 2025 – present
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4 seats in the House of Commons 1 by-election held, 3 by-elections pending | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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343 seats in the House of Commons 172 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
By-elections to the 45th Canadian Parliament are held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2025 federal election and the 46th federal election. The 45th Canadian Parliament has existed since 2025 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the Canadian federal election held on April 28, 2025. The Liberal Party of Canada has a minority government during this Parliament. The Conservative Party of Canada forms the Official Opposition.
A writ for a by-election must be dropped no sooner than 11 days and no later than 180 days after the chief electoral officer is officially notified of a vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker. Under the Canada Elections Act, the minimum length of a campaign is 36 days between dropping the writ and election day, but must not exceed 50 days and the by-election must occur on a Monday within that time-frame.
One by-election has been held during the 45th Parliament. It took place in the electoral district of:
- Battle River—Crowfoot, (Alberta), following Conservative MP Damien Kurek's announcement of his pending resignation of his seat on May 2, 2025 to give Pierre Poilievre, the leader of the Conservative Party, an opportunity to re-enter parliament after Poilievre lost his seat in the federal election. Kurek officially resigned on June 17, 2025 and the by-election has been called for August 18, 2025.
Three by-elections are currently pending due to vacancies in the House of Commons:
- Toronto University—Rosedale, (Ontario), to former Liberal cabinet minister Chrystia Freeland's resignation from Parliament, effective January 9, 2026, following her appointment as economic advisor to the President of Ukraine.
- Scarborough Southwest, (Ontario), due to the resignation of Liberal MP Bill Blair on February 2, 2026, to accept an appointment as Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.
- Terrebonne, (Quebec), after the Supreme Court of Canada, on February 13, 2026, annulled the one-vote victory by Liberal MP Tatiana Auguste due to a misprint by Elections Canada in return envelopes it produced for mail-in ballots. A minimum of 40 ballots were thought to have been distributed with an incorrect postal code on the return envelope.
A by-election is possible in the Toronto electoral district of Beaches—East York following Liberal MP Nate Erskine-Smith's announcement that he intends to contest the provincial Liberal nomination in Scarborough Southwest and seek a seat in the Ontario legislature. A by-election is also possible in Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie as NDP MP Alexandre Boulerice is seeking the Québec solidaire nomination in Gouin for the next Quebec provincial election, expected in October 2026.