Bixie jishi

Bixie jishi (Chinese: 辟邪紀實; pinyin: Bìxié jìshí; lit. 'A Record of Facts to Ward Off Evil') is an 1861 Chinese anti-Christian treatise. It contains various attacks on the activities of Christian missionaries and the supposed doctrines and practices of the religion. Jesus is commonly referred to as 'hog' throughout the work (owing to a Chinese pun), and Christians are described as engaging in sexual deviance and worshiping menstrual blood, while missionaries are said to gouge out the organs of deceased followers. These obscene descriptions are paired with various theological critiques of Christianity and appeals to the Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor.

The tract was written in ornate Literary Chinese by an anonymous Hunan official under the pen name Tianxia diyi shangxin ren (天下第一傷心人; 'The World's Most Heartbroken Man'). The tract spawned several hundred abridged and simplified versions. One was later translated by missionaries and published under the name Death Blow to Corrupt Doctrines. Westerners saw Bixie jishi and its related works as the origins for anti-Christian ideas which culminated in anti-missionary riots and attacks, although it was likely only read by a small group of educated elites.