Al-Ta'addudiyya Al-Iqtisadiyya

Al-Ta`addudiyya Al-Iqtisadiyya
	Portraits of Syrian president Hafez al-Assad (r) and his eldest son Bassel, who was being groomed as a successor and who was the main face of the reforms, 1991
Date	1991 – 2001
Location	Ba'athist Syria
Cause	Economic troubles; 1986 Currency crisis; the fall of world socialism; Dissolution of the Soviet Union;
Motive	Development of the economy; Attracting new investments;
Outcome	Shift away from a centralized command economy; Abandonment of socialism with the Bashar al-Assad's rise to power;

Al-Ta`addudiyya Al-Iqtisadiyya (lit. "Economic pluralism"), also called Al-Ta'addudiyya Al-Siyyasiyya (lit. "Political pluralism"), was a government reformist campaign and period of large-scale liberal economic reforms in Ba'athist Syria in the 1990s. Al-Ta`addudiyya Al-Iqtisadiyya marked Syria's departure from the centralized and planned economy that had existed in Syria continuously since 1963. The campaign should not be confused with Ta'addudiyya, a broader term that encompasses not only economic but also political changes in Syria that began in the 1970s. This term was used quite frequently by President Hafez al-Assad in his speeches. In essence, this policy lasted until 2001, after which it was replaced by more radical liberal economic reforms of Bashar al-Assad.