Afghanistan–Tajikistan relations

Afghanistan and Tajikistan established diplomatic relations in 1992 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. However, relations remained highly hostile as the Islamic State of Afghanistan supported the United Tajik Opposition against the forces of the Tajikistani government under Rahmon Nabiyev and Emomali Rahmon during the Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997). Following the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001, Tajikistan opened its embassy in Kabul when the Karzai administration took control of Afghanistan. Ties were cooled down during this era; both countries initiated economic trade and started CASA-1000 infrastructure project.

Following the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in 2021, Tajikistan remained largely hostile to the Taliban (whom it declares a terrorist organization) and have been alleged to have provided aid to the anti-Taliban National Resistance Front (NRF) led by Ahmad Massoud while the Taliban government in Afghanistan has also been accused of providing support to the Islamist militia Jamaat Ansarullah against Tajikistan. Since 2022, both countries have also engaged in a number of border clashes.