1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia
| Constitution (Amendment) Act 1993 | |
|---|---|
| Parliament of Malaysia | |
| |
| Citation | Act A848 |
| Territorial extent | Throughout Malaysia |
| Passed by | Dewan Rakyat |
| Passed | 19 January 1993 |
| Passed by | Dewan Negara |
| Passed | 20 January 1993 |
| Royal assent | 22 March 1993 |
| Vetoed by | Yang di-Pertuan Agong |
| Vetoed | 18 February 1993 |
| Type of veto | Package |
| Veto overridden | 10 March 1993 |
| Commenced | 30 March 1993 |
| Legislative history | |
| First chamber: Dewan Rakyat | |
| Bill title | Constitution (Amendment) Bill 1993 |
| Bill citation | D.R. 01/1993 |
| Introduced by | Mahathir Mohamad - Prime Minister |
| First reading | 18 January 1993 |
| Second reading | 18 January 1993 - 19 January 1993 |
| Voting summary |
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| Committee stage | 19 January 1993 |
| Third reading | 19 January 1993 |
| Voting summary |
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| Second chamber: Dewan Negara | |
| Bill title | Constitution (Amendment) Bill 1993 |
| Bill citation | D.R. 01/1993 |
| Member(s) in charge | Ghafar Baba - Deputy Prime Minister |
| First reading | 20 January 1993 |
| Second reading | 20 January 1993 |
| Voting summary |
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| Third reading | 20 January 1993 |
| Voting summary |
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| Final stages | |
| Reconsidered by the Dewan Rakyat after veto | 8 March - 9 March 1993 |
| Voting summary |
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| Reconsidered by the Dewan Negara after veto | 10 March 1993 |
| Voting summary |
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| Amends | |
| Federal Constitution | |
| Keywords | |
| Conference of Rulers, Legal immunity, Monarchies of Malaysia, Sovereign immunity, Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Yang di-Pertua Negeri | |
| Status: In force | |
legislature, enacted_by.| History of Malaysia |
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| Malaysia portal |
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Personal life Fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia Seventh Prime Minister of Malaysia |
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The 1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia, officially known as Constitution (Amendment) Act 1993 (Malay: Akta Perlembagaan (Pindaan) 1993), is a constitutional amendment passed by the Malaysian parliament in order to remove the legal immunity of all Malaysian royalties. These changes include amendments to Articles 32, 38, 42, 63, 72, 181 and Eight Schedule of the Malaysian Constitution; and insertion of two new Articles, namely Article 33A and Article 182, into the constitution. The amendments went into effect on 30 March 1993. Before the amendments were made, the Constitution granted rulers who have violated the law not to be prosecuted by the criminal court unless he voluntarily wishes to surrender his legal immunity.
The amendments were made at a time when the Malaysian monarchy witnessed a deteriorating relationship with the Malaysian government. During the late-1980s and the early-1990s, a series of controversial incidents involving the rulers cropped up, many of which came into a conflict of interest with several politicians. After two separate assault incidents by the Sultan of Johor and his younger son which occurred in 1992, the government was prompted to take up the initiative to call for the removal of legal immunity. The rulers were extremely unhappy with the government's calls for the removal of legal immunity, and initially dissented with the government. The government used a two-pronged approach of persuasion and coercion to obtain the assent of the rulers for their rulers. The rulers gave their assent for the government's proposals to remove their legal immunity, which was later implemented in March 1993.
By some interpretations, these events leading up to the constitutional amendments were considered to be a constitutional crisis, given that the federal government, who needed the endorsement of the Sultans to implement the law, refused and subsequently led to a brief standoff between both sides. However, in most cases, the events leading up to the constitutional amendment was generally closely identified as a monarchy crisis rather than a constitutional crisis.