Wolfgang Pauli

Wolfgang Pauli
Wolfgang Pauli
	Pauli in 1945
Born	Wolfgang Ernst Pauli; 25 April 1900; Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Died	15 December 1958 (aged 58); Zurich, Switzerland
Citizenship	Austria; United States (from 1946); Switzerland (from 1949);
Alma mater	University of Munich (Dr. phil.)
Known for	Pauli exclusion principle; Postulating the neutrino; Pauli matrices; Pauli equation; Pauli paramagnetism; Pauli–Villars regularization; Pauli–Jung conjecture; Schwinger-Lüders-Pauli Theorem; Pauli group;
Spouses	; Käthe Deppner (m. 1929; div. 1930) ; Franziska Bertram (m. 1934)
Relatives	Wolf Pascheles (great-grandfather); Hertha Pauli (sister);
Awards	Lorentz Medal (1931); Nobel Prize in Physics (1945); Franklin Medal (1952); ForMemRS (1953); Matteucci Medal (1956); Max Planck Medal (1958);
	Scientific career
Fields	Particle physics; Quantum physics;
Institutions	University of Hamburg ; (1923–28); ETH Zurich (1928–40, 1946–58); Institute for Advanced Study (1940–46);
Thesis	Über das Modell des Wasserstoff-Molekülions (1921)
Doctoral advisor	Arnold Sommerfeld
Notable students	See list Felix Bloch ; Hendrik Casimir ; Max Delbrück ; Charles Enz ; Eugene Feenberg ; Eugene Guth ; Martin Gutzwiller ; Josef-Maria Jauch ; Nicholas Kemmer ; Lev Landau ; José Leite Lopes ; Robert Oppenheimer ; Rudolf Peierls ; Maurice Pryce ; Max Robert Schafroth ; Felix Villars ;
Signature
Notes
	His godfather was Ernst Mach. He is not to be confused with Wolfgang Paul, who called Pauli his "imaginary part", a pun with the imaginary unit i.

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (/ˈpɔːli/ PAW-lee; German: [ˈpaʊ̯li] ^ⓘ; 25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian–Swiss theoretical physicist and a pioneer of quantum mechanics. In 1945, after having been nominated by Albert Einstein, Pauli received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle". The discovery involved spin theory, which is the basis of a theory of the structure of matter.

To preserve the conservation of energy in beta decay, Pauli proposed the existence of a small neutral particle, dubbed the neutrino by Enrico Fermi, in 1930. Neutrinos were first detected in 1956.