William Rowan Hamilton

Sir
William Hamilton
FRAS
Sir William Hamilton FRAS
Born	4 August 1805; Dublin, Ireland, UKGBI
Died	2 September 1865 (aged 60); Dublin, Ireland, UKGBI
Resting place	Mount Jerome Cemetery, Dublin
Education	Trinity College Dublin (B.A., 1827; M.A., 1837);
Known for	Hamiltonian mechanics; Hamilton's principle; Hamilton's optico-mechanical analogy; Hamilton–Jacobi equation; Cayley–Hamilton theorem; Quaternions; Icosian game; Conical refraction;
Spouse	Helen Marie Bayly (m. 1833)
Children	3, including William
Relatives	Eliza Mary Hamilton (sister)
Awards	Cunningham Medal (1834, 1848); Knight Bachelor (1835); Royal Medal (1835);
Scientific career
Title	Andrews Professor of Astronomy (1827–65)
Fields	Algebra; classical mechanics; optics;
Institutions	Trinity College Dublin; Dunsink Observatory;
Academic advisors	John Brinkley

Sir William Rowan Hamilton (4 August 1805 – 2 September 1865) was an Irish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who made numerous major contributions to algebra, classical mechanics, and optics. His theoretical works and mathematical equations are considered fundamental to modern theoretical physics, particularly his reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics. His research included the analysis of geometrical optics, Fourier analysis, and quaternions, the last of which made him one of the founders of modern linear algebra.

Hamilton was Andrews Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College Dublin. He was also the third director of Dunsink Observatory from 1827 to 1865. The Hamilton Institute at Maynooth University is named after him.

He received the Cunningham Medal twice, in 1834 and 1848, and the Royal Medal in 1835. He was also knighted in 1835. Hamilton remains arguably the most influential Irish physicist, along with Ernest Walton. Since his death, he has been commemorated throughout the country, with several institutions, streets, monuments, and stamps bearing his name.