Mann–Whitney U test

"Wilcoxon rank-sum test" redirects here. For Wilcoxon signed-rank test, see Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

The Mann–Whitney test (also called the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW/MWU), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test) is a nonparametric statistical test of the null hypothesis that randomly selected values X and Y from two populations have the same distribution.

The value of U calculated by the test can be converted to a measure of effect size by dividing it by the maximum value of U, which is the product of the sizes of the two samples being compared. This measure is the probability that the value of a random observation from the higher group will be greater than that of a random observation from the lower group.

Nonparametric tests used on two dependent samples are the sign test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

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