Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom

Water supply and sanitation in United Kingdom
Data
Access to an improved water source100% (2015)
Access to improved sanitation99% (2015)
Share of collected wastewater treated100%
Continuity of supply100%
Average urban water use (L/person/day)150
Share of household metering33% (2008)
Non-revenue water20% (2010–2011)
Institutions
Decentralization to municipalitiesNone
National water and sanitation companyNone
Water and sanitation regulatorThree regulators, one each for England/Wales
Sector lawWater Industry Act 1991 (England & Wales)
Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002 (Scotland)
Water and Sewage Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 (Northern Ireland)
Service providers28

Public water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom are characterized by universal access and generally good service quality. Unlike many other developed countries, the United Kingdom features diverse institutional arrangements across its constituent parts: (England and Wales; Scotland; and Northern Ireland). In England and Wales, water services are primarily provided by privatized companies, while in Scotland and Northern Ireland, these services are managed by publicly owned entities. Each region's unique approach is explored in separate articles, while this article is devoted to some common issues across the United Kingdom.