Vienna Genesis

Vienna Genesis
Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna
The illustration on folio 12v from the Vienna Genesis shows the story of Jacob wrestling with the angel
TypeIlluminated manuscript, codex
DateEarly 6th century
Place of originByzantine Syria
LanguageGreek
ScribeUnrecorded
Compiled byUnrecorded
Illuminated byUnrecorded artist(s)
PatronLikely wealthy Christian or imperial patron
MaterialParchment, tempera, gold, and silver
Size31.75 × 23.5 cm (folio)
ConditionPartially preserved
ScriptByzantine minuscule
ContentsBook of Genesis; narrative illustrations of Biblical stories
Illumination(s)Classical heritage with personifications, modeling, and continuous narration
ExemplarAncient Roman pictorial models

The Vienna Genesis (Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, cod. theol. gr. 31), designated by siglum L (Ralphs), is an illuminated manuscript, probably produced in Syria in the first half of the 6th century. It is one of the oldest well-preserved, surviving, illustrated biblical codices; only the Garima Gospels of Ethiopia, dating to the 5th and 6th centuries, are as old or older.

The surviving text is part of the Book of Genesis in the Greek Septuagint translation. The text is frequently abbreviated. There are twenty-four surviving folios, each with miniatures at the bottom of both sides. It is thought that there were originally about ninety-six folios and 192 illustrations. The book is written in uncials with silver ink on calfskin dyed a rich purple, placing it very firmly in the category of luxury manuscripts.

The Vienna Genesis relates to the Rossano Gospels and the Sinope Gospels, from roughly the same period.