Ujamaa

Ujamaa (lit. 'fraternity' in Swahili) was a socialist ideology that formed the basis of Julius Nyerere's social and economic development policies in Tanzania after it gained independence from Britain in 1961.

More broadly, ujamaa may mean "cooperative economics", in the sense of "local people cooperating with each other to provide for the essentials of living", or "to build and maintain our own stores, shops, and other businesses and to profit from them together". Activist Maulana Karenga adopted the idea of ujamaa as one of seven principles (Nguzo Saba) in 1965, which formed the focus of the new holiday Kwanzaa a year later.

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