Tuckman's stages of group development

The forming–storming–norming–performing model of group development was first proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, who said that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for a team to grow, face up to challenges, tackle problems, find solutions, plan work, and deliver results. He suggested that these inevitable phases were critical to team growth and development. This series of developmental stages has become known as the Tuckman Ladder.

Tuckman hypothesized that along with these factors, interpersonal relationships and task activity would enhance the four-stage model that he first proposed as needed to successfully navigate and create an effective group function.