Triple parentheses

This article is about the use of brackets as an antisemitic symbol. For other uses of the punctuation mark, see Bracket.

Triple parentheses or triple brackets, in the singular also referred to as an echo (similarly called or stylized as, in both print and digital text, an (((echo)))), are terms for an antisemitic symbol and related orthotypographical convention that has been used by antisemites to highlight the names of individuals thought or claimed to be Jews, and the names of organizations thought or claimed to be owned by Jews, especially—though not exclusively—in communication in online spaces and forums such as popular social media and social networking apps, sites, and platforms, including as a form of doxxing or online harassment.

This use of the symbol originated from the alt-right-affiliated, neo-Nazi blog The Right Stuff, whose editors said that the symbol refers to the historic actions of Jews which have caused their surnames to "echo throughout history". The triple parentheses have been adopted as an online stigma by antisemites, neo-Nazis, browsers of the "Politically Incorrect" board on 4chan, and white nationalists to identify individuals of Jewish background as targets for online harassment, such as Jewish political journalists critical of Donald Trump during his 2016 election campaign.

Use of the notation was brought to mainstream attention by an article posted by Mic in June 2016. The reports also led Google to remove a browser extension meant to automatically place the "echo" notation around Jewish names on web pages, named "Coincidence Detector", and the notation being classified as a form of hate speech by the Anti-Defamation League. In the wake of these actions, some users, both Jews and non-Jews, have intentionally placed their own names within triple parentheses as an act of reappropriation or solidarity.

Prior to its use as an antisemitic label or identifier, ((( screen name ))) had been used in online communities such as AOL to indicate that a user was "cyberhugging" the user with the specified screen name.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.