Tours Amphitheatre
Galery of the west vomitorium | |
Tours Amphitheatre Shown within France | |
| Location | Caesarodunum (Gallia Lugdunensis) modern-day Tours, Centre-Val de Loire |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 47°23′43.52″N 0°41′45.25″E / 47.3954222°N 0.6959028°E |
| Type | Ancient Roman amphitheatre |
| Length | 122 meters (1st stage) 156 meters (expanded) |
| Width | 94 meters (1st stage) 134 meters (expanded) |
| Height | over 5 meters (expanded) |
| History | |
| Material | Soil and masonry |
| Founded | c. 50 A.D. (1st stage) c. 150 AD (expanded) c. 250 (fortification) c. 360 (castrum added) |
| Cultures | Roman Empire |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Ruins, incorporated into the existing buildings, walls, roads and cellars. |
| Public access | Limited to public areas (some roads and walls) |
| Capacity: 14,000 (1st stage); 34,000 (expanded) | |
The Tours amphitheatre (also known as the Caesarodunum amphitheatre) is a Roman amphitheatre located in the historic city centre of Tours, France, immediately behind the well known Tours cathedral. It was built in the 1st century when the city was called Caesarodunum. It was built atop a small hill on the outskirts of the ancient urban area, making it safe from floods, convenient for crowds and visitors, and demonstrating the power of the city from a distance. The structure was an enormous, elliptical structure approximately 122 metres by 94 metres. According to its design it is classified as a "primitive" amphitheatre. Unlike the famous Colosseum that was made mostly of masonry and built above-ground, the Tours amphitheatre was made mostly of earth and created by moving soil and rock into a bowl shape. Spectators likely sat directly on the grassy slopes, while the masonry was primarily used for the vomitoria and retaining walls.
When it was expanded in the 2nd century (to 156 m X 134 m), it became one of the largest structures (among the top ten) in the Roman Empire. It is not clear why the amphitheatre was expanded given the population and slow growth of the city at the time. About a century later, this expanded amphitheatre was transformed into a fortress, with an addition of a rampart-style wall, typical during the decline of Roman Empire. It gradually fell into ruin during the Middle Ages and canonical houses were built upon it and gradually concealed it. The vomitoria were at some point transformed into cellars.
The amphitheatre was then completely forgotten until the 19th century, when it was rediscovered (1855). Evidence such as the layout of the streets and radiating lots of the district drew attention to its existence. Surveys and terrain analyses in the 1960s gathered further data on the cellars of the houses which were previously built on the amphitheatre walls. Over the past decade, more in-depth studies of the topography and architecture have taken place and are changing the theories and opinions surrounding this monument.
The remains of the amphitheatre are not protected as historic sites directly; however, some of the houses built upon it are registered as historical monuments. The ruins of the amphitheatre are significant as they are among the oldest known ruins in the city, and offer clues about the early history and development of the area.