1771 Torghut migration
| Kalmyk exodus to Dzungaria | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Kalmyk–Russian Wars, Kazakh–Kalmyk Wars | |||||||||
Kalmyk exodus to Dzungaria. Engraving by Charles Michel Geoffroy, 1845. | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Kalmyk Khanate |
Russian Empire Supported by: Kazakh Khanate | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Ubashi Khan Various princes |
Russian Empire: Catherine the Great General von Traubenberg Pirogov Goglazin † Kazakh Khanate: Nuraly Khan Ablai Khan Yaman-Kary Aiguvak Jamankur (POW) Janatai Batyr † Arkandar † Uysunbay | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 10,000 | & : 7,000 50,000 batyrs | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
: 100,000(civilian) Heavy(military) | & : Heavier | ||||||||
The Torghut migration or Kalmyk exodus to Dzungaria (also known as the 'Dusty trek' or the 'Torgutsky trek') was a mass migration in 1771 of the Kalmyk people, primarily Torghuts, from the Volga River region of the Russian Empire to the Dzungaria region in the Qing dynasty.
During the final conquest of Dzungaria, the Dzungar genocide resulted in the death of around 400,000 Dzungar Mongolians, or about 70% to 80% of the Dzungar population, perishing from warfare and disease. This led to the emergence of refugees in the Kalmyk Khanate, who advocated for the restoration of the Dzungar Khanate.