Timeline of thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
The classical
Carnot heat engine
Branches
Classical
Statistical
Chemical
Quantum thermodynamics
Equilibrium
/
Non-equilibrium
Laws
Zeroth
First
Second
Third
Systems
Closed system
Open system
Isolated system
State
Equation of state
Ideal gas
Real gas
State of matter
Phase (matter)
Equilibrium
Control volume
Instruments
Processes
Isobaric
Isochoric
Isothermal
Adiabatic
Isentropic
Isenthalpic
Quasistatic
Polytropic
Free expansion
Reversibility
Irreversibility
Endoreversibility
Cycles
Heat engines
Heat pumps
Thermal efficiency
System properties
Note:
Conjugate variables
in
italics
Property diagrams
Intensive and extensive properties
Process functions
Work
Heat
Functions of state
Temperature
/
Entropy
(
introduction
)
Pressure
/
Volume
Chemical potential
/
Particle number
Vapor quality
Reduced properties
Material properties
Property databases
Specific heat capacity
c
=
{\displaystyle c=}
T
{\displaystyle T}
∂
S
{\displaystyle \partial S}
N
{\displaystyle N}
∂
T
{\displaystyle \partial T}
Compressibility
β
=
−
{\displaystyle \beta =-}
1
{\displaystyle 1}
∂
V
{\displaystyle \partial V}
V
{\displaystyle V}
∂
p
{\displaystyle \partial p}
Thermal expansion
α
=
{\displaystyle \alpha =}
1
{\displaystyle 1}
∂
V
{\displaystyle \partial V}
V
{\displaystyle V}
∂
T
{\displaystyle \partial T}
Equations
Carnot's theorem
Clausius theorem
Fundamental relation
Ideal gas law
Maxwell relations
Onsager reciprocal relations
Bridgman's equations
Table of thermodynamic equations
Potentials
Free energy
Free entropy
Internal energy
U
(
S
,
V
)
{\displaystyle U(S,V)}
Enthalpy
H
(
S
,
p
)
=
U
+
p
V
{\displaystyle H(S,p)=U+pV}
Helmholtz free energy
A
(
T
,
V
)
=
U
−
T
S
{\displaystyle A(T,V)=U-TS}
Gibbs free energy
G
(
T
,
p
)
=
H
−
T
S
{\displaystyle G(T,p)=H-TS}
History
Culture
History
General
Entropy
Gas laws
"Perpetual motion" machines
Philosophy
Entropy and time
Entropy and life
Brownian ratchet
Maxwell's demon
Heat death paradox
Loschmidt's paradox
Synergetics
Theories
Caloric theory
Vis viva
("living force")
Mechanical equivalent of heat
Motive power
Key publications
An Inquiry Concerning the
Source ... Friction
On the Equilibrium of
Heterogeneous Substances
Reflections on the
Motive Power of Fire
Timelines
Thermodynamics
Heat engines
Art
Education
Maxwell's thermodynamic surface
Entropy as energy dispersal
Scientists
Bernoulli
Boltzmann
Bridgman
Carathéodory
Carnot
Clapeyron
Clausius
de Donder
Duhem
Gibbs
von Helmholtz
Joule
Kelvin
Lewis
Massieu
Maxwell
von Mayer
Nernst
Onsager
Planck
Rankine
Smeaton
Stahl
Tait
Thompson
van der Waals
Waterston
Other
Nucleation
Self-assembly
Self-organization
Category
A
timeline
of events in the
history
of
thermodynamics
.
