Foreign concessions in Tianjin

The foreign concessions in Tianjin (formerly romanized as Tientsin) were concession territories ceded by the Qing dynasty to a number of European countries, the United States, and the Japanese Empire within the city of Tianjin. There were altogether nine foreign concessions in old Tianjin on the eve of World War II. These concessions also contributed to the rapid development of Tianjin from the early to mid-20th century. The first foreign concessions in Tianjin were granted in 1860. By 1947, all of the foreign concessions had been returned to the then Chinese government, the Republic of China. With the last being Italy after signing the Paris Peace Treaties. However, the Italian concession was already under de facto Chinese control.