Thylacoleo

Thylacoleo
Temporal range: late Pliocene—late Pleistocene
Skeletal diagram of T. carnifex (top) and restored musculature based on living marsupials (bottom)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Family: Thylacoleonidae
Genus: Thylacoleo
Owen, 1859
Type species
Thylacoleo carnifex
Owen, 1859
Other species
  • T. crassidentatus Bartholomai 1962
  • T. hilli Pledge 1977

Thylacoleo ("pouch lion") is an extinct genus of carnivorous marsupials that lived in Australia from the late Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene (until around 40,000 years ago), often known as marsupial lions. They were the largest and last members of the family Thylacoleonidae, occupying the position of apex predator within Australian ecosystems. The largest and last species, Thylacoleo carnifex, had an estimated average weight of 101 to 130 kg (223 to 287 lb), approaching the weight of a modern lioness (Panthera leo).