The Dual State

The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship (German: Der Doppelstaat) is a German-language and English-language non-fiction book by lawyer and political scientist Ernst Fraenkel.

E. A. Shils was the translator of the English version, which was published by Oxford University Press in 1941. Shils worked with Edith Loewenstein and Klaus Knorr. It was re- translated into German in the 1970s, with the first German-language version published in 1974.

According to reviewer Lawrence Preuss, the translation was the first English language that analyzes the Nazi legal system's operations and legal theories.

The book describes how, in the courts of Nazi Germany, people opposed to the government faced a lack of legal protection, while other groups were given legal protections. Fraenkel called the first the "Prerogative State" and the second the "Normative State". He described the entire system as the "Dual State".

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