Tectonic phase

In structural geology and petrology, a tectonic phase or deformation phase is an episode of rock deformation caused by tectonic forces. Geologists recognize these phases by observing changes in the direction of forces acting within the Earth and by identifying patterns formed in the rocks, such as folds, faults, or mineral grain alignments. These phases can be extensional or compressional in nature.

When a sequence of tectonic phases occurs within the same geodynamic setting, they together record the development of an orogeny, or mountain-building event. In many Phanerozoic orogenies, multiple deformation phases can be distinguished through structural evidence, and these phases may be accompanied by metamorphism.

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