T-90
| T-90 | |
|---|---|
A Russian army T-90M main battle tank | |
| Type | Main battle tank |
| Place of origin | Russia |
| Service history | |
| In service |
|
| Used by | See Operators |
| Wars | |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Kartsev-Venediktov |
| Manufacturer | Uralvagonzavod, Heavy Vehicles Factory |
| Unit cost | USD 2.5 million in 1999, USD 2.77–4.25 million in 2011 (varies by source) T-90SM: USD 4.5 million in 2016 |
| Produced | 1992–present |
| No. built | ≈4,000 (2023, see Operators) 1,400 units of T-90S/SM built in India under license >1000 delivered to other countries |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 46 tonnes (45 long tons; 51 short tons) (T-90) 46.5 tonnes (45.8 long tons; 51.3 short tons) (T-90A) 48 tonnes (47 long tons; 53 short tons) (T-90SM) |
| Length | 9.63 m (31 ft 7 in) 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in) (hull) |
| Width | 3.78 m (12 ft 5 in) |
| Height | 2.22 m (7 ft 3 in) |
| Crew | 3 |
| Armor | Steel-composite-reactive blend APFSDS: 550 mm + 250–280 mm with Kontakt-5 = 800–830 mm HEAT: 650–850 mm + 500–700 mm with Kontakt-5 = 1,150–1,550 mm |
Main armament | 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore gun with 43 rounds (T-90) 2A46M-2 125 mm smoothbore gun with 42 rounds (T-90A) 2A46M-5 125 mm smoothbore gun with 43 rounds (T-90M) |
Secondary armament | 12.7mm Kord Heavy machine gun, 7.62mm PKMT |
| Engine | V-84MS 12-cyl. diesel (T-90) V-92S2 12-cyl. diesel (T-90A) V-92S2F 840 hp (617 kW) for V-84MS 12-cyl. diesel engine 1000 hp (736 kW) for V-92S2 12-cyl. diesel engine (T-90A and T-90S) 1130 hp (831 kW) for V-92S2F (T-90M and T-90MS) |
| Power/weight | 18.2 hp/tonne (13.3 kW/tonne) (T-90) 21.5hp/tonne (15 kW/tonne) (T-90A) |
| Suspension | Torsion bar |
Operational range | 550 km (340 mi) (without fuel drums) |
| Maximum speed | 60 km/h (37 mph) (T-90A and T-90MS) |
The T-90 is a third-generation Russian main battle tank developed from, and designed to replace the T-72. It uses a 125 mm 2A46 smoothbore main gun, the 1A45T fire-control system, an upgraded engine, and gunner's thermal sight. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel and composite armour, smoke grenade dischargers, Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armour (ERA) and the Shtora infrared anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) jamming system.
The T-90 was designed and built by Uralvagonzavod, in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. It entered service with the Russian army in 1992. The tank allegedly first saw combat in the 1999 war in Dagestan, with Russian Ground Forces. Russia later used the tank from 2017 in its intervention in the Syrian civil war. Russian T-90s were deployed in the war in Donbas in 2014, as well as in the full-scale Russo-Ukrainian war following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Syrian Arab Army used the tank in the Syrian civil war in 2017, as did the Azerbaijani Land Forces in the 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.