Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1925–1991 | |||||||||||||
Flag
(from 1974) State emblem
(from 1978) | |||||||||||||
| Motto: Әхли юртларың пролетарлары, бирлешиң! (Turkmen) Ähli ýurtlaryň proletarlary, birleşiň! (transliteration) "Proletarians of all nations, unite!" | |||||||||||||
| Anthem: Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы Дөвлет Гимни Türkmenistan Sowet Sosialistik Respublikasy Döwlet Gimni "State Anthem of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic" | |||||||||||||
Location of Turkmenistan (red) within the Soviet Union | |||||||||||||
| Status | 1925–1990: Union republic of the Soviet Union 1990–1991: Union Republic with priority of the Turkmen legislation October–December 1991: De facto independent state | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Ashkhabad | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Turkmen · Russian | ||||||||||||
| Religion | State atheism | ||||||||||||
| Government | Communist state (1925–1990) Presidential republic (1990–1991) | ||||||||||||
| First Secretary | |||||||||||||
• 1924–1926 (first) | Ivan Mezhlauk | ||||||||||||
• 1985–1991 (last) | Saparmurat Niyazov | ||||||||||||
| Head of state | |||||||||||||
• 1925–1937 (first) | Nedirbay Aytakov | ||||||||||||
• 1988–1990 (last) | Roza Atamuradovna Bazarova | ||||||||||||
| Head of government | |||||||||||||
• 1925–1937 (first) | Kaikhaziz Atabayev | ||||||||||||
• 1989–1991 (last) | Khan Akhmedov | ||||||||||||
| Legislature | Supreme Soviet | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR | 7 August 1921 | ||||||||||||
• Republic proclaimed | 13 May 1925 | ||||||||||||
• Sovereignty declared | 22 August 1990 | ||||||||||||
• Independence declared | 27 October 1991 | ||||||||||||
• Independence recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||
• 1989 census | 3,533,925 | ||||||||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 1990 estimate | ||||||||||||
• Total | $26.554 billion | ||||||||||||
| Currency | Soviet rouble (Rbl) (SUR) | ||||||||||||
| Calling code | +7 360/363/370/378/432 | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Turkmenistan | ||||||||||||
| History of Turkmenistan |
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| Turkmenistan portal |
The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Turkmenistan, the Turkmen SSR, TuSSR, TurSSR, TurkSSR, TurkmSSR, Turkmenistan, or Turkmenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union, located in Central Asia, that existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made, on 13 May 1925, a separate republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR.
Since its creation, the borders of Soviet Turkmenistan remained unchanged. On 22 August 1990, the republic declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. On 27 October 1991, it became independent as Turkmenistan.
Geographically, Soviet Turkmenistan was bordered by Iran and Afghanistan to the south, the Caspian Sea to the west, the Kazakh SSR to the north, and the Uzbek SSR to the east.