Shiʿism, also titled Read and Judge, is a book written by Iranian intellectual Ahmad Kasravi as a critique of Shia Islam. Shiʿism is one of Kasravi's three books criticizing what he calls a bad religion. The book caused a great deal of controversy during Kasravi's lifetime, and even led him to court. Before the legal process could be completed and the verdict issued, Kasravi was stabbed to death by several members of the Shia fundamentalist group Fadaiyan-e-Islam led by Navvab Safavi, with the fatwa and support of Supreme Leader of Iran Ruhollah Khomeini. Shiʿism in its time was one of the first books to critique Shia Islam, and following this book, many authors criticized religion in Iran. Kasravi was one of the first thinkers and writers to express views on Shiʿism that are still debated.