Shahnawaz Tanai

Lieutenant general
Shahnawaz Tanai
Lieutenant general Shahnawaz Tanai
	Shahnawaz Tanai in 1973
Minister of Defence
	In office; May 1988 – March 1990
President	Mohammad Najibullah
Preceded by	Mohammed Rafie
Succeeded by	Aslam Watanjar
Head of Military Intelligence (KhAD)
	In office; May 1978–?
President	Nur Muhammad Taraki
Chief of General Staff of the Afghan National Army
	In office; December 1984 – March 1990
Preceded by	Nazar Mohammed
Succeeded by	Asif Delawar
Personal details
Born	1950; Dargai, Khost, Kingdom of Afghanistan
Died	7 March 2022 (aged 72); Islamabad, Pakistan
Party	People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan – Khalq
Other political; affiliations	Afghanistan Peace Movement
Children	1
Education	Harbi Military University; Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School
Military service
Allegiance	Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1990); Afghan Mujahideen (1990–1992)
Branch/service	Afghan Army Afghan Commando Forces; ;
Years of service	1968–1990
Rank	Lieutenant General
Unit	444th Commando Battalion; 37th Commando Brigade
Commands	1st Central Army Corps; Artillery Corps Commander ; 37th Commando Brigade Commander
Battles/wars	1975 Panjshir Valley uprising; Saur Revolution; 1979 Herat uprising; Soviet-Afghan War Battles of Zhawar; ; First Afghan Civil War 1990 Afghan coup d'état attempt; ;
Awards	Order of the Saur Revolution

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Lieutenant General Shahnawaz Tanai (Pashto: شهنواز تنی, 1950 – 7 March 2022) was an Afghan military officer and politician who served as the Chief of General Staff of the Afghan Army during the Soviet-Afghan War until his defection to neighbouring Pakistan following a failed coup d'état in 1990.

Besides commanding the Afghan Army during the Soviet-Afghan War, his command assignments included the command of the artillery and as director of military intelligence as well as serving as minister of defense under President Mohammad Najibullah. He was a hardline member of the Khalq faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), and leader of at least the majority of the Khalqist faction since its former leader Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy was exiled as Ambassador to the Soviet Union as part of the political preparation of the Soviet pullout from Afghanistan in September 1988. A pillar of the communist regime, Tanai later attempted a coup against his former friend and President Najibullah, before seeking refuge in a hostile Pakistan and working with fundamentalists such as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. He returned in 2005 and created a political party.

He was described as a "radical nationalist" who, despite being fiercely pro-Soviet, still maintained secret contacts with certain mujahideen members.