Semu

The Semu (Chinese: 色目; pinyin: sèmù) were the name of a political class in Imperial China, made up of foreign experts who came to serve the political systems of Imperial China. The Semu were not a self-defined ethnic group unto themselves; rather, "Semu" was initially an exonym for various Central and East Asian peoples under the Yuan Dynasty. The Semu were one of the four "castes" which Yuan society was divided into, along with the Mongols, the Hanren, and the Nanren. The Semu included were Buddhist Turpan Uyghurs, Tanguts, and Tibetans; Church of the East Christian tribes like the Ongud; Turkic Muslim peoples including Khwarazmians; and others.

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