Saturation diving system
A saturation diving system is the combined and installed equipment required to support a saturation diving operation. It may be an underwater habitat, or more commonly for commercial diving operations, a hyperbaric habitat complex, known in the industry as a saturation spread, assembled on a surface platform, supported by a range of surface support equipment, some of which is common to other surface-supplied diving activities, and some of which is used mostly or only for saturation diving. Much of the equipment can be classed as life-support equipment, and some of it is required for emergency and rescue functions.
The basic components include living space accommodations for the divers when they are not diving, with sanitation facilities and a means of providing supplies to the occupants. There are also facilities for compression and decompression, treatment of dysbaric maladies, transfer under pressure between accommodation and closed bell transportation modules for transport between the accommodation and workplace, and for emergency evacuation. Units are interconnected by trunking and can be isolated by airlock doors.
Auxiliary and support equipment includes:
- The hyperbaric life support systems
- Breathing gas supply and distribution, and recycling and purification. The divers use surface-supplied umbilical diving equipment, using a breathing gas suitable for the depth, such as helium and oxygen mixtures, stored in large capacity, high pressure gas storage cylinders.
- Thermal management and climate control: heating and cooling for the chambers and the divers in the water.
- Diving bell launch and recovery system
- Control rooms for diving operations and saturation system life support
- Diver voice communications systems, which may include helium speech unscramblers
- Built-in breathing systems
- Fire suppression systems
- Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue systems