Potassium nitrate

Potassium nitrate
Names
	IUPAC name Potassium nitrate
	Other names Saltpeter; Saltpetre; Indian Saltpetre; Nitrate of potash; Nitre;
Identifiers
CAS Number	7757-79-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1644029 ;
ChemSpider	22843 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.926
EC Number	231-818-8;
E number	E252 (preservatives)
KEGG	D02051 ;
PubChem CID	24434;
RTECS number	TT3700000;
UNII	RU45X2JN0Z ;
UN number	1486
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4029692 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1 Key: FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1 Key: FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYAM;
	SMILES [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	KNO3
Molar mass	101.102 g·mol−1
Appearance	white solid
Odor	odorless
Density	2.109 g/cm3 (16 °C (61 °F; 289 K))
Melting point	334 °C (633 °F; 607 K)
Boiling point	400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	133 g/L (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K)); 316 g/L (20 °C (68 °F; 293 K)); 383 g/L (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K)); 2439 g/L (100 °C (212 °F; 373 K));
Solubility	slightly soluble in ethanol; soluble in glycerol, ammonia
Basicity (pKb)	15.3
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−33.7×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.335; 1.5056; 1.5604;
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic, Aragonite
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	95.06 J⋅mol−1·K-1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−494.00 kJ⋅mol−1
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H272
Precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P280, P370+P378, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 1 2 OX
Flash point	non-flammable (oxidizer)
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	1901 mg/kg (oral, rabbit); 3750 mg/kg (oral, rat);
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0184
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium nitrite
Other cations	Lithium nitrate; Sodium nitrate; Calcium nitrate; Rubidium nitrate; Strontium nitrate; Silver nitrate; Caesium nitrate; Barium nitrate; Ammonium nitrate;
Related compounds	Potassium chloride; Potassium sulfate;
Supplementary data page
	Potassium nitrate (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula KNO₃. It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K⁺ and nitrate anions NO−3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the United States). It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter. Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpetre (or saltpeter in American English).

Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks. It is one of the major constituents of traditional gunpowder (black powder). In processed meats, potassium nitrate reacts with hemoglobin and myoglobin generating a red color.